伏牛山地区森林生态系统服务空间差异分析

Analysis on Spatial Differences of Forest Ecosystem Services in Funiu Mountain Region

森林生态系统为人类社会提供多种多样的服务类型。从多种空间尺度探讨不同类型森林生态系统服务的空间差异特征,有助于明确森林生态系统综合管理及不同空间尺度上管理方案的差异,对于提升森林生态系统服务综合效益及优化森林管理方案具有重要的意义。综合森林类型图、气象和土壤等多源数据,借助InVEST 3.2模型和ArcGIS 10.2软件,开展伏牛山地区森林生态系统固碳服务和水源供给服务评估,并从区域和森林类型两个尺度分析其空间差异特征。结果表明,(1)伏牛山地区森林生态系统固碳量为1.97×108 t,碳密度为156.94 t·hm−2;水源供给量为6.06×109 m3,供水深度为494.46 mm。(2)固碳服务高值区主要位于中高山地区,低值区一部分零星地分布在西峡和内乡地区的低山缓坡地区,另一部分主要位于栾川西部的油松飞播林基地地区。水源供给服务表现为自南向北递减,高值区位于降水量丰富的西峡南部地区,低值区主要位于干燥度指数较大的卢氏中北部、栾川及嵩县境内。(3)森林类型尺度上,阔叶林提供的固碳量和水源供给量均超过其供给总量的90%;就服务单位量而言,天然林的碳密度普遍高于人工林,供水深度则表现为马尾松林、栓皮栎林和阔杂林的供水深度比较大,而其余森林类型的供水深度比较小。研究结果可为伏牛山地区森林资源优化配置提供理论指导和决策支持。

Forest ecosystems provide multiple types of services for human society.To explore the spatial difference characteristics of different types of forest ecosystem services from different spatial scales is helpful to clarify the differences of integrated forest ecosystem management and management schemes on different spatial scales,which is of great significance to improve the comprehensive benefits of forest ecosystem services and optimize forest management programs.Based on the multi-source data such as forest map,topography,meteorology and soil,the key forest ecosystem services including the carbon storage and the water yield in the Funiu Mountain Region were evaluated and mapped through integrated use of the InVEST 3.2 model and the ArcGIS 10.2 software.Further,spatial difference characteristics of the carbon storage and the water yield were discussed from two spatial scales(i.e.,region and forest type).The main results are as follows:(1)The carbon storage in the forest ecosystem of Funiu Mountain Region is 1.97×108 t,and the carbon density is 156.94 t·hm−2;while the water yield is 6.06×109 m3,and the water supply depth is 494.46 mm.(2)The high value areas of carbon storage are mainly located in the middle-and high-altitude mountains.Some of the low-value areas for carbon storage are scattered in the low-slope and gentle-slope areas of Xixia and Neixiang,and the other part is mainly located in the bases of Pinus tabulaeformis in the western part of Luanchuan.While the water yield services show a gradual decrease from south to north.High-value areas are located in the southern part of Xixia with abundant precipitation.Low-value areas are mainly located in the central and northern part of Lushi,Luanchuan,and Songxian with large dryness indexes.And(3)as far as forest type scale is concerned,the total carbon storage and total water yield provided by broad-leaved forests are more than 90%of their total supply,respectively.As far as the unit quantity of ecosystem service is concerned,the carbon density of natural forests is generally higher than that of plantation forests,and the water supply depth of Pinus massoniana forest,Quercus variabilis forest and broad-leaved forest is relatively large,while the water supply depth of other forest types is relatively small.The research results can provide theoretical guidance and decision support for the optimal allocation of forest resources in the Funiu Mountain Region.