竞争基本法视野下一般条款的制度衔接与规范适用

System Cohesion and Normative Application of General Clause from the Perspective of the Basic Law of Competition

两部竞争基本法的前后修订,体现了我国重视竞争规则在市场营商环境改善中的关键作用。而在法律的修订中,囿于《反垄断法》强烈的公法属性及对反垄断行政资源的合理考量,相比于一般条款在《反不正当竞争法》中的突出地位,垄断行为一般条款并无在《反垄断法》中进行规定的必要性。但如低价倾销行为、滥用相对优势地位行为的存在,会导致两部竞争基本法在具体适用时存在规范竞合的制度困境。要解决此问题,一方面,在分立立法模式下,应依据竞争行为正当性评价并在尊重反垄断法的目标价值和正当理由基础上,适用《反不正当竞争法》一般条款;另一方面,在合并立法构想下,可从规范地位、构成要件、适用方法、适用标准和责任配置上完善竞争行为一般条款,从而提升竞争规则适用的协调性。

The revision of the two basic laws on competition shows China's emphasis on the key role of competition rules in the improvement of the market business environment.In the revision of the law,because of the strong public law attributes of the Anti-Monopoly Law and the reasonable consideration of anti-monopoly administrative resources and compared with the prominent position of the general clause in the Anti-unfair Competition Law,it is not necessary to regulate the general provisions of monopoly behavior in the Anti-Monopoly Law.However,the existence of low-price dumping and abuse of comparative advantage will lead to the system dilemma of normative concurrence in the specific application of the two basic laws of competition.In order to solve this problem,on the one hand,under the mode of discrete legislation,the general clause of the Anti-unfair Competition Law should be applied on the basis of the evaluation of the legitimacy of competition behavior and on the basis of respecting the target value and legitimate reasons of the Anti-monopoly Law;On the other hand,under the conception of merger legislation,the general provisions of competition behavior can be improved from the normative status,constitutive elements,applicable methods,applicable standards and liability allocation so as to enhance the coordination of the application of competition rules.