闽三角地区城镇空间扩张对区域生态安全格局的影响

Influence of urban spatial expansion on the regionally ecological security pattern in Min⁃Delta region

城镇扩张是地表覆盖形态变化的重要驱动力。城镇用地扩张的影响范围可辐射至区域层面,进而推动城镇周边乃至区域的生态环境演变。以东南沿海地区(含厦门、泉州和漳州,简称闽三角)为例,采用GIS分析和数理统计相结合的方法,刻画了城镇扩张过程对区域内以林水格局为代表的生态安全格局的影响,并分析了其差异。结果表明:①城镇扩张过程与生态安全格局的演变特征紧密相关;②城镇扩张过程对区域生态安全格局演替存在显著影响,城镇扩张的不同阶段对区域生态安全格局的影响存在显著差异,差异主要体现在最大斑块指数和斑块聚合度等指数的变化中;③不同景观指数在该过程中表现各异,其中,斑块占比是城镇扩张过程中区域生态安全格局演变的主要响应指数,景观形状指数是唯一表现出尺度效应的指数。研究结果可为优化区域生态安全格局,合理规划管理城镇扩张提供科学参考。

Urban spatial expansion is an important driving force for land cover morphological changes.The impact of local urban expansion can extend to the regional level,and result in local and even regionally ecological environment changes.Taking a part of the southeast coastal area in Fujian Province(including Xiamen,Quanzhou and Zhangzhou,Min⁃Delta region for short)as an example,GIS and statistical analysis method was used to analyze the impact of urban expansion process on the ecological security pattern,especially the evolution of forest-water pattern,and the difference on different scale was compared.The results showed that:①urban expansion process was closely related to the evolution characteristics of the ecological security pattern.②Urban expansion process had a significant impact on the regionally ecological security pattern succession.The impact of different stages of urban expansion on the regionally ecological security pattern was significantly different,mainly reflected by the Largest Patch Iindex and Patch Aggregation Degree.③The landscape indices showed different performances in this process,among which Patch Ratio was the main response index of regional forest water pattern evolution during local urban expansion process,and Landscape Shape Index was the only one showing scale effect.The results can provide theoretical references for optimizing regional ecological security pattern,and contribute to rational planning and management of urban expansion.