生态修复措施对流域生态系统服务功能的提升——以潮河流域为例

Improvement of ecosystem service function in watershed by ecological restoration measures:A case study in Chaohe River Basin

流域生态环境修复工程对保护和提高流域生态系统服务功能及其价值起到了至关重要的作用。本文基于InVEST模型,选取密云水库上游,潮河流域为研究对象,依据各地区“十三五”生态环境保护规划中针对潮河流域的生态修复措施,设置化肥减量、河岸缓冲带、退耕还林和综合修复四种情景,并采用直接市场法和替代市场法研究生态系统服务价值的变化。经过研究发现:①四种情景都有效的提高了生态服务功能和价值;②单独实施化肥农药减量,不能显著降低TP(-13.14%)、TN(-10.94%)负荷;③采取综合修复的方式能使潮河流域水源涵养,TP、TN拦截,土壤保持能力分别提高了40.18%、53.89%、42.32%以及63.76%,同时生态服务价值增加7.73×10^7元。这一发现旨在通过对不同生态修复措施在生态环境修复中的成本与效益分析,帮助决策者和规划单位准确评估生态修复的收益,从而制定提高生态环境系统服务功能的最佳修复方案。

The ecological environment restoration projects have played vital roles in protecting the watershed′s environment and improving the ecosystem services.The Chaohe River Basin,located at the upstream of the Miyun Reservoir,was selected as the study area.According to the“13th Five⁃Year”Ecological Environmental Protection Plan for Chaohe River Basin,four scenarios were setup,including the fertilizer reduction,establishment of riparian buffer zone,Grain for Green Program,and integrated treatment method.The InVEST model was used to quantify the changes on ecosystem services and the direct and alternative market approaches were applied to estimate ecosystem services values under these four scenarios.The results have shown that①All four scenarios have presented positive effects on the ecosystem services enhancement.②Reduction of fertilizers and pesticides will reduce the phosphorous(13.14%)and nitrogen pollution(10.94%)not obviously.③The integrated treatment would increase the water yield,water purification(TP/TN reduction)and soil conservation services for 40.18%,53.89%,42.32%,and 63.76%,respectively.Accordingly,the integrated practices would also increase the ecosystem services value for 77.26 million yuan.This study has tried to introduce a practicalapproach for policy makers and stakeholders to evaluate the income of restoration practices and to find the best restoration practices for improving the ecosystem services function.