风景名胜区旅游资源价值损害评估——以三清山巨蟒峰为例

Ecological Damage Assessment of Tourism Resources in Scenic Spots:A Case Study of the Python Peak in Mount Sanqingshan

科学评估风景名胜区旅游资源价值损害,是建立健全生态环境损害赔偿制度的重要基础,对损害追责、赔偿以及预防、预警旅游资源损害行为具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。文章以三清山巨蟒峰攀爬事件为例,综合运用旅行费用区间法(travel cost interval analysis,TCIA)和条件价值法(contingent valuation method,CVM),构建风景名胜区旅游资源价值损害评估的理论框架与模型,科学评估该事件对三清山巨蟒峰旅游资源价值的损害情况。研究表明:(1)三清山巨蟒峰使用价值受损评估值为78.019亿元,其中,直接使用价值受损68.605亿元,间接使用价值(即旅游消费者剩余价值)受损9.414亿元;(2)考虑意愿价值法假想性偏差的三清山巨蟒峰非使用价值受损评估值区间为0.119亿元~2.368亿元,其中,存在价值受损评估值区间为0.047亿元~0.928亿元,遗产价值受损评估值区间为0.039亿元~0.771亿元,选择价值受损评估值区间为0.033亿元~0.669亿元;(3)破坏事件对三清山巨蟒峰旅游资源价值造成的损害赔偿不应低于最低值1190万元。该研究可为风景名胜区旅游资源价值损害评估提供较为科学的研究方法、解决思路和典型示范,为政府解决旅游资源损害追责、赔偿、执法和管理提供重要的科学依据。

This paper made a scientific assessment of the ecological damage of tourism resources of the Python Peak in Mount Sanqingshan.As a kind of special and legal area in China,the original intention of the establishment of scenic spots is to better protect the ecological resources and environment in them.However,at present,there are many problems in scenic spots,such as over exploitation,over capacity reception,inadequate protection and management vacancy.In addition,the low illegal cost of damaging the ecological resources and environment leads to serious threat and ruin to the ecological resources and environment of scenic spots.Therefore,scientific assessing the value damage of tourist resources is an important basis for establishing the compensation system for ecological damage.It has important theoretical and practical significance for damage recovery,as well as for preventing and warning the damage behavior of ecological resources.Three tourists from Taizhou,Zhejiang climbed the Python Peak in Mount Sanqingshan of the World Natural Heritage without permission,and 26 expansion bolts penetrated the peak caused irreparable damage to the Python Peak.Therefore,taking the climbing event of the Python Peak in Mount Sanqingshan as an example,this paper constructed a theoretical framework and model for the assessment of tourism resource value damage based on the resource and environmental value theory as well as 1048 field sample questionnaires,and assessed the damage to the use value of the Python Peak with the travel cost interval method(TCIA),evaluated the damage to the non-use value of the Python Peak with the conditional value method(CVM),and further enhanced the validity and scientificity of the assessment results through sensitivity analysis.The results showed that:(1)The damage to the use value of the Python Peak in Mount Sanqingshan was 7.8019 billion yuan,of which the direct use value was 6.8606 billion yuan,and the indirect use value was 0.9414 billion yuan;(2)By employing the imaginary deviation of willingness value method the damage on non-use value of Python Peak ranges from 11.9 to 236.8 million yuan,including value damaged assessment range was 4.7 to 92.8 million yuan;The damage on heritage value was from 3.9 to 77.1 million yuan while the range of selection value was from 3.3 to 66.9 million yuan;(3)The compensation for damage caused by the incident should not be lower than the minimum threshold value of 11.9 million yuan.This study illustrated an appropriate approach to evaluate the value damage of tourist resources and provided a scientific basis for the government to deal with the eco-resources damage liability,compensation,law enforcement,and governance.It played a very important practical warning and education role to promote the harmonious and civilized tourism for all.