可持续乡村旅游生计研究综述

Research Review of Sustainable Livelihood of Rural Tourism

作为一个系统地解读贫困并提供多种解决方案的集成性分析框架,可持续生计的概念与方法在近年得到广泛关注,也被应用于乡村旅游地区减贫与发展研究中。文章对Web of Science和中国知网中的文献样本进行归纳和评述,尝试辨明其理论逻辑并对主要研究内容与方法进行了概括。研究发现,国内外学者力图对旅游可持续生计分析框架进行修正,主要将研究视角集中于乡村旅游生计框架的构成要素,包括脆弱性背景、生计资本、结构与制度、生计策略及生计结果,也探讨了乡村旅游生计与扶贫、生态保护、社区发展等的关系,发现定性与定量方法相结合的混合研究路径的采用成为一种最新趋势。目前的理论成果在乡村旅游生计的个体能力研究、社会生态可持续性评估与验证、结构与制度的本土化研究等方面略有不足,亟待补充。

As an integrated analytical frame which interprets poverty systematically and offers multiple solutions,the concept and method of sustainable livelihood(SL)has drawn wide attention in recent years,and it is applied in the study of poverty reduction and development of the regions featuring rural tourism.How to have an overall understanding of the influence that tourism development has on the livelihood of rural communities?How to use the theory and method of sustainable livelihood to deepen our understanding of rural tourism development and transform it into actual practice of rural development especially in the context that China is making great efforts to implement rural revitalization strategies?Summarizing the important achievements of the relevant research field in a systematic manner has important academic value and realistic significance.On the basis of the exploitation and quantitative analysis of data from the literature of Web of Science and www.cnki.net with the software CitespaceⅢ,this paper summarized and commented on the relevant research of the relation between rural tourism and sustainable livelihood in a systematic manner,clarified its theoretical logic and generalized the main contents and method of study.The paper pointed out that the domestic and international scholars are trying to make corrections to the analytical frame of sustainable livelihood of tourism,and it mainly focused its study on the elements making up the livelihood frame of rural tourism,including fragile background,capital of livelihood,structure and system,livelihood strategy and livelihood result.It also explored the relation between the livelihood of rural tourism and poverty alleviation,ecological protection,and community development.Through combing and discussion,this paper arrived at the following conclusions:First,sustainable livelihood analysis(SLA)frame has already become a common and effective tool for studying the social and economic influence of rural tourism.It has systematically disclosed the whole course of how the farmers in rural areas realized the transformation from the traditional livelihood model to a pluralistic livelihood model featuring tourism through promoting the livelihood capital against the background of an increasingly fragile environment,and it emphasizes the multiple interactions among different factors influencing the transformation of the farmers to the livelihood model featuring tourism.Second,the sustainability of tourism livelihood of individual residents on the micro level and the influence of rural tourism livelihood on the social ecology on the macro level have become two research themes of equal importance in this field,basically presenting an overall picture of the rural tourism livelihood.Third,in terms of research approaches,the relevant research of this topic has adopted the research approaches from many different disciplines,such as sociology,management and geography,with various technological means included.The combination of the qualitative research approach and quantitative research approach or the alternate use and comprehensive integration of research approaches from different disciplines form the latest trend.The study of sustainable livelihood of rural tourism should focus on the following several aspects in the future:The ability issue of individual residents in the elements of rural tourism livelihood,namely which abilities are essential for the residents to obtain the livelihood capital in the context of developing rural tourism,and how we help the residents to boost these abilities through the design and participation of activities,finally how we promote the degree of benefits for the community residents in the process of rural tourism development through the enhancement of ability;the assessment and verification of the sustainability of social environment of rural tourism livelihood;the localization issue of the design of the structure and system:the reasonable policy design and system from the government’s perspective is the key to solving the"two-sided effect"of rural tourism livelihood,which should become the focus of the future research.