女性经济赋权:理论、实践与研究进展

Women's Economic Empowerment:Theory,Practice and Literature Review

女性在经济发展中的作用越来越受到重视,女性经济赋权成为经济发展的新动能。在梳理女性经济赋权理论的起源与发展、实践探索及进展的基础上,总结归纳了女性经济赋权的17个重大事件和时间节点;基于世界银行、全球创业观察(GEM)、戴尔女企业家领袖记分卡(DGWELS)和万事达卡女性创业指数(MIWE)等权威数据资料,比较分析了世界主要国家女性经济赋权状况;对国内外研究进展进行了梳理。研究发现,经济赋权能有效释放女性经济潜能,创造就业机会,开发经济发展的新动能;提升女性自我的主动性和意识、实现“自我赋权”是赋权增能的关键;鼓励支持服务业发展,能大力促进女性就业和创业。在对女性经济权利的认识、女性经济赋权内容及女性主义经济学等方面的研究取得了进展,但与实践领域的发展相比,女性经济赋权的学术研究相对不足,应加强对女性经济作用与影响、女性经济赋权的量化与衡量、政策支持的有效性、影响女性创业的因素等方面的研究。

More and more attention has been paid to the role of women in economic development.Women's economic empowerment has become a new driving force for economic development.Firstly,by analyzing the origin and development of women's economic empowerment theory and practice,17 major events and time nodes in women's economic empowerment development are summarized.Secondly,based on data of the World Bank,GEM(Global Entrepreneurship Monitor),DGWELS(Dell Global Women Entrepreneur Leader Scorecard)and MIWE(MasterCard Index of Women Entrepreneurship),this paper made a comparative analysis on the development of women's economic empowerment in major countries and regions of the world.The next is the sorting and combing of the literature at home and abroad.We find that economic empowerment can effectively release women's economic potential,create employment opportunities,and serve as a new momentum for economic development,as well as enhance women's initiative and awareness."Self-empowerment"is the key to empowerment.Encouraging and supporting the development of service industry would greatly promote women's employment and entrepreneurship.Research on the understanding of women's economic rights,contents of women's economic empowerment and feminist economics has made progress.However,academic research is relatively insufficient compared with the development of practice.There should be more research on the role and influence of women on economic development,measurement of women's economic empowerment,effectiveness of policy support,and factors affecting women's entrepreneurship.