杀鲑气单胞菌疫苗的研制

Development of Aeromonas salmonicida Vaccine

以导致泥鳅腐皮病的病原菌杀鲑气单胞菌(Aeromonas salmonicida)D5-7为研究对象,使用甲醛灭活菌液制取预防杀鲑气单胞菌的全灭活疫苗。经过试验,最终确定使用终体积分数为0.08%的甲醛溶液可以完全灭活杀鲑气单胞菌;将该全灭活疫苗注射入泥鳅腹腔时,未出现异常。用20 g/L的海藻酸钠制成微胶囊疫苗,以质量比1∶30混入饲料进行投喂,在免疫21 d后,进行免疫检测(血清凝集抗体效价,SOD)。结果表明:菌液在甲醛体积分数为0.08%的条件下,灭活24 h可以杀死全部菌体;相同免疫时间内,微胶囊疫苗处理后泥鳅的血清凝集抗体效价最高可达到1∶320,大于未处理对照;攻毒试验表明,微胶囊疫苗处理后相对免疫保护率可达40%。该研究结果为杀鲑气单胞菌疫苗的研制及应用提供了理论依据。

In this paper,Aeromonas salmonicida D5-7,which is the pathogenic bacteria of loach rot skin disease,was used as the research object,and a formaldehyde-killed bacterial solution was used to prepare a completely inactivated vaccine against A.salmonicida.After experiments,it was finally determined that the use of formaldehyde solution with a volume fraction of 0.08%can completely inactivate A.salmonicida;there was no abnormality when the fully inactivated vaccine was injected into the abdominal cavity of loach.A microcapsule vaccine made with 20 g/L sodium alginate was mixed with feed at mass ratio 1∶30 for feeding.After 21 days of immunization,an immunoassay(serum agglutination antibody titer,SOD)was performed.The results showed that the volume fraction of 0.08%formaldehyde solution for 24 h could kill all the bacteria.After the same immunization time,the titer of serum agglutinating antibody of loach after treatment with microcapsule vaccine was the highest 1∶320,and greater than that of untreated;the challenge experiment showed that the relative immune protection rate of the microcapsule vaccine can reach 40%.The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the development and application of the A.salmonicida vaccine.