重访法律制度主义:新旧之别与异同之辨

Institutionalism of Law Revisited:The Distinction between Old and New and the Analysis of Similarities and Differences

法律制度主义存在新旧之别,旧制度主义将作为制度的法律理解为社会学意义上的社会秩序和组织机构,新制度主义则基于制度性事实追求“规范主义的社会现实性发展”,并在制度性事实的本体论、方法论多元主义以及实践理性及其局限方面取得基本共识。但其内部仍存在诸多差异:行动的形式目的理论与非正式言语行为理论;实践推理的逻辑理论与实践推理的合理性理论;制度的规范观念与制度的习惯观念;实证主义立场与和后实证主义立场。在法律制度主义百余年的学术理路、理论渊源和发展内涵上,规范主义与反规范主义得到有效调和,理论基础和内容得到发展和完善;理论自主性得到不断强化;以此为指引,当前国内的法律制度研究应更注重“经验研究的规范主义发展”。

There exists a difference between old and new in the sphere of institutionalism of law.The old institutionalism,in a sense of sociology,defined the law as institution as social order and organizations,while the new institutionalism which is based on the theory of the institutional fact is aimed to“present a socially realistic development of normativism”and has some commons within the ontology recommendations of institutional fact,methodology pluralism and the place of practical reason.However,there also exist some differences as following:a formal and finalistic theory of action vs informal speech acts,the logical theories of practical reasoning vs the theory of rationality of practical reason,the normative conception of institutions vs the conventional conception of institutions,the attitude of positivism vs the attitude of post-positivism.During the processes of more than one hundred year,legal institutionism,within the dimensions of academic ways,theoretical resources and direction of development,has have converged effectively the relationship of normativism and anti-normativism,improved the theoretical basis and content,and enhanced continuously the theoretical autonomy of itself.As a benefit reference,the current domestic studies regarding legal instititution should focus more on“the normative development of empirical research”than before.