我国R&D经费投入与人口空间集聚:基于省级面板数据的检验

R&D Investment and Population Spatial Agglomeration in China:Based on Provincial Panel Data

加大R&D经费投入是我国促进创新型国家建设的重要财政手段。本文试图明确R&D经费投入与人口空间集聚的交互关系。基于2004-2016年我国省级面板数据,通过构建R&D经费投入和人口空间集聚影响因素的联立方程模型,运用三阶段最小二乘法(3SLS)进行估计。研究发现:第一,总体来看,R&D经费投入抑制了人口空间集聚;第二,东部地区的R&D经费投入抑制了人口空间集聚,中部无显著影响,西部地区表现为R&D经费投入促进人口空间集聚;第三,人口空间集聚促进R&D经费投入和知识溢出在全国层面和各区域均得到稳健的体现;第四,Jacobs外部性中的竞争利于知识溢出得到证实,专业化还是多元化利于知识溢出无一致的结论。本文认为,基于R&D经费投入的财政支持应关注对人口集聚带来的影响,应加大促进人口和产业空间集聚的政策支持力度,并打造自由竞争的市场经济。

Increasing R&D investment is an important financial means to promote the construction of an innovative country.This article attempts to clarify the interaction between R&D investment and population spatial agglomeration.Based on the provincial panel data of China from 2004 to 2016,this article constructs a simultaneous equation model of R&D investment and the influencing factors of population spatial agglomeration,and uses the three-stage least squares method(3SLS)to estimate.The results show that:firstly,on the whole,R&D investment inhibits population spatial agglomeration;second,R&D investment in the eastern region suppresses population spatial agglomeration,while the central region has no significant effect,although the western region shows that R&D investment promotes population spatial agglomeration.Secondly,population spatial agglomera-tion promotes R&D investment and knowledge spillover at the national level and regional level reflect.Thirdly,the competition in Jacobs'externality is conducive to the knowledge spillover,and the specialization or diversification is conducive to the conclusion that knowledge overflow is not consistent.This article believes that financial support based on research funding input should focus on the differential impact of knowledge spillovers on population size,and should also increase policy support for population migration and reduce policy interventions that restrict competition to promote high-quality development.