南海孔氏:清代广东大盐商家族研究

The Kong Clan of Nanhai County:the Research on the Big Salt Merchant of Guangdong in the Late Qing Dynasty

本研究以新发现的广东省立中山图书馆藏南海罗格《孔氏家谱》为中心,考察清代后期广东大盐商南海罗格孔氏的家族式经营,探讨清代后期两广盐商与地方政治、文化的关系。《孔氏家谱》记载,孔子第五十三世孙细祖元时期迁入南海罗格,四房若浦祖第六十七世孙毓泰乾隆时期由幕业转而经营乐昌总埠起家。毓泰与次子传颜以其直系子孙为核心,通过聘请其他房支子孙协助打理埠务形式经营乐昌总埠,乾嘉之际扩张为跨湘粤两省共计11埠的乐桂总埠。罗格孔氏五代子孙接力经营乐桂埠业,盐销量占据省河总量的16%,跻身省河大盐商之列。乐桂埠业的成功,不仅使孔氏成为大盐商,还科举出仕、与广东军政大吏交游以及以藏书享有盛名,以此在军政、文化等方面奠定其岭南簪缨、仕宦大族的社会地位。乐桂埠商孔氏还与其他大盐商共同推动了乾嘉时期两广盐区改埠归纲、改纲归所的改革。

The Kong clan of Nanhai County was a big family in the Late Qing Dynasty.This family depended on the salt industry of Guangdong Province.Some members of the fourth atrium branches of the family had achieved the success of the imperial examination,and wrote the Kong's Genealogy during Xianfeng and Tongzhi period.This article discusses the Kong clan ran Legui salt port almost for 150 years.The Kong clan became one of the big salt merchants in salt zone of Guangdong and Guangxi provinces.Some members took part in and influenced the local polity from different ways,and were influential in culture.