马铃薯高效染色体加倍方法建立与抗寒资源创制

Establishment of a high efficient method for chromosome doubling and exploration of cold-resistant resources in potato

利用不同秋水仙素处理浓度、处理方式、处理时间对马铃薯试管苗茎段进行处理,研究了不同处理组合对试管苗成活率和加倍效率的影响,筛选获得了马铃薯染色体加倍优化处理组合。结果表明,0.1%秋水仙素浓度在120转min–1的条件下处理马铃薯试管苗茎段3 d的加倍效率最高,该处理方法结合摇床转动处理,使秋水仙素与处理茎段接触更充分,较其他马铃薯染色体加倍技术具有加倍率更高、加倍时间更短且操作简便等优点,为马铃薯倍性操作提供了高效方法。同时,加倍的种间杂种材料农艺性状与原始二倍体相比,加倍获得的四倍体材料在植株株高、茎粗、花瓣大小及花粉粒大小等方面均有明显增强,且抗寒能力和二倍体种间杂种相当,较普通马铃薯栽培种显著增强,可为马铃薯栽培种的抗寒遗传改良提供良好的材料基础。

In this work,different treatment combinations including colchicine concentrations and treatment methods as well as different time points was used to investigate the survival rate and chromosome doubling efficiency of potato tissue culture plantlets.The potato chromosome doubling by using colchicine had been successfully optimized.The potato plantlet stems treated with 0.1%colchicine for three days shaking at 120 r min–1 showed the highest doubling efficiency due to its better contact to the colchicine solution.Compared with other potato chromosome doubling techniques,this method has much higher chromosome doubling rate,shorter time treatment and easier to operate,so that it could provide a higher efficient method for potato ploidy operation.In the meantime,compared with the diploid,the tetraploid interspecific hybrids showed differences in the morphological characteristic,which had higher plants,thicker stem,bigger petals and pollen grain.In addition,no significant difference was found between diploid and tetraploid interspecific hybrids in terms of cold resistance,but both significantly enhanced cold resistance compared with the common potato cultivar.Taken together,the doubled interspecific hybrids could sever for improving cold resistance of potato cultivars.