费孝通考察近代中国社会生活的历程

The Progress of Fei Xiaotong's Research on the Social Life of Modern China

社会生活是著名社会人类学家费孝通学术考察的基本领域,尤其是其中的近代中国社会生活,这一关注对象体现了其研究的学科特征。费孝通对近代中国社会生活的考察开始于20世纪30年代初对婚姻礼俗的关注,一直到1949年5月。综观这一历程,从学术研究方法的侧重上,费孝通对近代中国社会生活的关注,大致可见明显不同的三个阶段:从1930年初到1936年初是费孝通田野调查方法的确立阶段;从1936年夏到1946年底是费孝通对小农社区的调查与研究阶段;从1947年初到1949年5月是费孝通对乡土中国的理论分析阶段。对此进行深入的分析探讨,可为社会史研究提供跨学科借鉴。

The social life,especially that of modern China,is the basic field which the renowned social anthropologist Fei Xiaotong has researched.The very subject he has focused on reflects his disciplinary characteristics.His research on the social life of modern China has started with his focus on marriage customs in the early 1930s,and it lasted until May,1949.Looking back at this progress,we can divide it into three different visible stages in terms of the focuses on academic methodology:the establishment of the Fei Xiaotong's field research methods was from the early 1930 to the early 1936;the stage of his investigation and research of peasant communities was from the summer of 1936 to the end of 1946;and the stage of his theoretical analysis of rural China was from the early 1947 to May,1949.The in-depth analysis of this will offer interdisciplinary reference for the research of social history.