滴灌施磷对香蕉产量、磷肥利用效率及经济效益的影响

The Effects of Drip Phosphorus Fertigation on Yield,Phosphorus Utilization Efficiency and Economic Return of Banana

水肥一体化以水施磷是满足作物磷素营养、减少磷的固定及提高磷肥利用效率的有效途径。【目的】探索滴施磷肥在集约化香蕉种植模式下的应用效果,为香蕉科学合理施肥提供技术支持。【方法】采用田间试验方法,设置不施磷(CK)、磷酸一铵(T1)、聚磷酸铵(T2)3个处理,研究了滴灌施用不同磷肥对香蕉产量、磷肥利用率及经济效益的影响。【结果】滴灌水肥一体化条件下,施磷处理可显著提高香蕉的假茎粗、青叶数、叶长(P<0.05),T1处理香蕉产量达51681 kg/hm^2,比CK和T2处理分别提高了13.6%、4.5%;T1、T2处理收获期植株磷积累量比CK分别提高了76.4%、67.2%;磷肥利用率、磷肥生理利用率较T2处理分别提高13.5%、38.0 kg/kg;磷肥农学效率、磷肥偏生产力较T2处理分别提高9.9 kg/kg和10.0 kg/kg。T1处理纯收益为109974元/hm^2,较T2处理增加13.7%,产出投入比由1.96∶1上升到2.14∶1。【结论】通过水肥一体化随水分次滴施磷酸一铵可促进香蕉对磷素的吸收并提高产量,磷肥利用率可达19.3%。

【Objective】Low phosphorus(P)use efficiency is a problem facing agricultural production in China.While coupling P fertilization and irrigation is an effective way to improve P acquisition by crops and reduce its fixation in acidic soil,efforts are still needed to improve P use efficiency in drip phosphorus fertigation in the field.The objective of this paper is to present the results of a field experimental study aimed to compare the effect of P fertilization coupled with drip irrigation on yield and P utilization of banana.【Method】The experiment consisted of three P treatments:no P(CK),applying P2O5226 kg/hm^2 of solid monoammonium phosphate(MAP)in top-dressing(T1),and applying P2O5226 kg/hm^2 of liquid ammonium polyphosphate(APP)in two top dressings(T2).【Result】The yield of T1 was 51681 kg/hm^2,increasing by 13.6%and 4.5%than the CK and T2 respectively.The pseudostem girth,the numbers and length of leaves,and the uptake of P fertilizers of the banana were higher in the two treatments than those in the CK(P<0.05).The apparent recovery efficiency of the fertilizer(REP)in T1 and T2 was 19.3%and 17.0%respectively.The physiological efficiency of the P fertilizer in T1 and T2 was 141.4 kg/kg and 102.5 kg/kg respectively,and the agronomic efficiency of the P fertilizer in T1 and T2 was 27.4 kg/kg and 17.5 kg/kg respectively.The partial productivity of the P fertilizer in T1 and T2 was 228.7 kg/kg and 218.7 kg/kg respectively.The net income of T1 was 109974 yuan/hm^2,up 13.7%over T2,with the input-output ratio increasing from 1.96∶1 to 2.14∶1【.Conclusion】Top-dressing the solid monoammonium phosphate coupled with drip irrigation significantly improved P in the fruits as well as P fertilizer use efficiency,and it can thus be used as an efficient P fertilization for banana growing in acidic soil.