现场执法情境中的警察武力使用裁量模型构建研究

A study on the Discretion Model Construction of the Use of Force in the Scene of Law Enforcement

警察武力使用失范现象普遍存在于现场执法实践中,如何对警察武力使用行为进行有效规制是当前亟待解决的命题。依照“情境”解释研究范式,警察武力使用行为是具体执法情境下的产物,因此,研究警察武力使用问题不能局限于规则体系内的思辨,而应更多地关注武力使用的行为事实。传统的武力使用层级模型的突出贡献在于,一方面划分了不同危险级别的现场执法情境,另一方面明确了特定情境中的武力手段的选择范围。然而,从武力使用的行为事实考量,该模型割裂了警察武力使用行为的裁量与执行过程。故应当从影响警察武力使用裁量的情境因素出发,提出警察武力使用的裁量过程,并在此基础上构建现场执法情境中的武力使用裁量模型,以实现对警察武力使用行为的有效规制和实战指导。

The phenomenon of police use of force anomy is common in the field law enforcement practice.How to regulate the police use of force effectively is an urgent proposition to be solved at present.According to the paradigm of"situation"interpretation,the use of force by police is the product of specific law enforcement situations.Therefore,the study of the use of force by police should pay more attention to the behavioral facts rather than be confined to the speculation within the system of rules.The outstanding contribution of the traditional hierarchical model of the use of force lies in that,on the one hand,it divides the scene law enforcement situations with different risk levels;on the other hand,it clarifies the range of the choice of force in specific situations.However,considering the behavioral facts of the use of force,the model separates the discretion and execution process of the use of force by the police.So starting from the analysis of situational factors affecting the use of force by police,this paper puts forward the process of the use of force by police,and on this basis,constructs a discretion model of the use of force in the scene of law enforcement,so as to achieve effective regulation and practical guidance for the use of force by police.