马尔库塞的新人道主义历程及其启示

Marcuse’s New Humanitarian Course and Its Enlightenment

马尔库塞的新人道主义思想既是对资本主义社会的坚定批判,也包含着丰富的心理学剖析和艺术审美特征。他的人性解放理论受马克思主义和弗洛伊德主义的双重影响,同时根据自身的历史环境有所调整和变化。一方面,马尔库塞改造了弗洛伊德的心理学,提出了爱欲解放的历史因素和辩证逻辑;另一方面,他重塑了马克思主义的人道主义思想,将人性的解放与人的总体性抗争联系在一起,以“大拒绝”来重启人道主义的道德基石,以“新感性”和“审美道德”作为战胜异化的突破口,从而谋求人类社会的解放和进步前景。马尔库塞的新人道主义思想尽管被认为带有激进的乌托邦色彩,但却为西方马克思主义当代发展提供了重要的阐释路径。

Marcuse's new humanitarianism is not only a firm criticism of capitalist society,but also contains rich psychological analysis and artistic aesthetic characteristics.His theory of humanity liberation was influenced by both Marxism and Freudism,and adjusted according to his own historical environment.On the one side,Marcuse transformed Freud's psychology,and put forward the historical factors and dialectical logic of the liberation of eros.On the other side,he reshaped the Marxist humanitarian thoughts,combining the liberation of humanity with human totality,and using“the Great Refusal”to restart the moral basis of humanism,and the“new sensibility”and“aesthetic morality”are used as breakthrough points to overcome alienation,so as to seek the liberation and progress of human society.Although Marcuse's new humanism is considered as having a radical utopian color,it provides an important interpretation path for the contemporary development of Western Marxism.