整合人工智能技术的学科教学知识(AI-TPACK):内涵、教学实践与未来议题

AI-Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge(AI-TPACK):Connotation,Teaching and Learning Practice and Future Issues

随着人工智能与教育融合的不断深入,人工智能对教育教学正带来越来越大的挑战。人工智能技术不同于以往的信息技术,它不仅全方位渗透与影响教与学,而且还催变教师原有的认知结构与教学方式。以往整合技术的学科教学知识模型(Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge,简称TPACK)需要注入新的内涵,即需要与时俱进,才能使教师更好地适应AI时代的需要。因此,构建整合人工智能技术的学科教学知识模型(AI-TPACK),已然成为一个重要的课题。AI-TPACK超越了TPACK从工具层面来看待技术,其内涵是人机协同思维下人工智能技术、学科内容、教学方法之间的交互关系,其发展途径主要有从PCK到AI-TPACK、从AI-TPK到AI-TPACK以及AI-TPACK与PCK的同步发展。教学实践新形态,表现在"AI+教师"的协同教学、数据驱动的精准教学、按需定制的个性化教学以及虚实共生的沉浸式教学。AI-TPACK理论框架的提出,对教师人工智能技术应用能力发展、人工智能技术与课程整合教学实践、智能化学习环境的开发等,均有一定的借鉴意义。

With the continuous deepening of the integration of artificial intelligence and education,artificial intelligence is bringing greater and greater challenges to education and teaching.Artificial intelligence technology is different from previous information technology.It not only penetrates and affects teaching and learning in all directions,but also promotes the change of teacher’s original cognitive structure and teaching methods.Technical Pedagogical Content Knowledge(TPACK)needs to be injected with new connotations,that is,it needs to be updated to enable teachers to better adapt to the needs of the AI era.Therefore,the construction of AI-Technical Pedagogical Content Knowledge(AI-TPACK)has become an important topic.AI-TPACK surpasses TPACK and views technology from a tool level.Its connotation is the interactive relationship between artificial intelligence technology,subject content,and teaching methods from the perspective of human-computer collaborative thinking.Its development paths mainly include PCK to AI-TPACK,and AI-TPK to AI-TPACK and the simultaneous development of AI-TPACK and PCK.The new form of teaching practice based on AI-TPACK is manifested in the collaborative teaching of“AI+teachers”,data-driven precision teaching,customized teaching on demand,and immersive teaching of virtual and real symbiosis.The proposed AI-TPACK theoretical framework has its significance for the development of teachers’artificial intelligence technology application ability,the teaching practice of integration of artificial intelligence technology and curriculum,and the development of intelligent learning environment.