公众疫情言论处置的法律困境及破解——兼论传染病监测预警机制的完善

Legal Dilemma and Solutions in Dealing with Public Speeches on Epidemic Situation——Also on Perfecting Surveillance Mechanism for Infectious Diseases

我国当前法律中存在对公众发表传染病疫情言论行为的处置困境,即个人必须按照特定法定程序向疾病预防控制或医疗机构上报疑似疫情,否则涉嫌传播“谣言”扰乱公共秩序。然而,鉴于疫情法定上报程序的局限性,公众疫情言论可以作为对其的补充,扩大疫情信息收集渠道,提高疫情监测预警准确性和灵敏度。构建公众疫情言论疫情信息收集制度,完善卫生行政部门与公安机关疫情联动监测预警机制,引入专家组对公众疫情言论内容真实性审核作为疫情“谣言”案件处罚前置程序,能够有效完善我国传染病监测预警机制。

There is a dilemma in dealing with public speeches on epidemic situation of infectious diseases in Chinese law.Individuals must report suspected epidemic situation to disease prevention institutions or medical institutions in accordance with specific legal procedures,or they will be suspected of spreading‘rumors’to the public to disturb public order.However,public speeches can be used as a supplement to statutory reporting procedures,making surveillance mechanism more accurate and sensitive for infectious diseases.The mechanism can be further perfected by establishing the information collection system of public epidemic situation speeches,improving joint monitoring mechanism between public health administrative departments and public security organs,and ensuring expert group to verify the authenticity of public speeches as the pre procedure of punishment for epidemic‘rumor’cases.