历史传统、官兵结构与ROTC军官占比的军种差异

Historical Tradition,the Structure of Officers and Soldiers and the Differences in the Proportion of ROTC Officers

美军的ROTC项目是世界范围内最为成功的军民融合培养后备军官项目。在中文现有研究中,ROTC项目被视为一个整体,其内部军种差异并未得到过多关注。然而美国海军陆战队的ROTC军官占比远低于其他三个军种,这里面的原因值得探讨。比较各个军种的ROTC项目,官兵一体的内部结构导致海军陆战队ROTC毕业生的初入军队相对等级较高,能力素质与岗位需求差距大,使得ROTC培养的军官在海军陆战队的占比极低。致力于探究依托地方大学培养后备军官项目的限制性因素,推动我国对美军军官培训体系的研究,可为我军的军民融合人才培养之路提供有价值参考。

The ROTC program of the U.S.Army is the most successful program of military civilian integration training reserve officers in the world.In the current Chinese research,ROTC project is regarded as a whole,and its internal military differences have not been paid much attention.However,the proportion of ROTC officers in the U.S.Marine Corps is far lower than that of the other three services,and the reasons for this are worth exploring.Compared with the ROTC programs of various services,the internal structure of the integration of officers and soldiers leads to the relatively high level of the first entry army of the Marine Corps ROTC graduates,and the gap between the ability and quality and the post demand is large,which makes the proportion of officers trained by ROTC in the Marine Corps very low.We are committed to exploring the restrictive factors of training reserve officers relying on local universities,promoting the research on the training system of US military officers in China,and providing valuable reference for the training of military civilian talents in our army.