信托的意思表示结构及其定义的民法再造

Redefining the Trust According to it’s Intention Structure

信托的规范定义应遵循定义的基本法则,理当对信托的本质特征及其临近属概念进行双重描述。信托既可以被理解为信托行为,也可以被理解为信托法律关系。从意思表示角度分析,信托行为由三项意思表示构成,且结构上呈现阶层性特征。如果以意思表示的阶层性为分析框架,那么委托人将特定财产转化为"信托财产"的法效意思应当是信托行为的本质特征,信托法律关系则以"信托财产"为其本质特征。在立法论上,信托定义的规范表述应当做相应的调整,以实现概念移植的本土化。

The defining work of trust should follow the basic rules of defining.The essence and generic concept of trust should be both analyzed.Trust can be regarded as one kind of legal actions,at the same time,it also can be understood as some kind of legal relationship.From the perspective of expression of intention,trust legal act includes three kinds of expressions of wills,which exhibit some hierarchical features.If the study focus on the hierarchy of the expression of intention,the essential feature of trust legal act should be the expression of intention over transforming"trust property",and the trust legal relationship should take"trust property"as its essential feature.In terms of legislation,the standard expression of trust definition should be adjusted accordingly.