政社合作下的人民调解及转型之路——兼论《人民调解法》的回应性调适

The People’s Mediation and Transformation Road under the Cooperation of Government and Society——Also on the Responsive Adjustment of the People’s Mediation Law

我国法律将人民调解属性认定为民间性尊重了历史传统,适应了乡土风俗,契合了善治理念,因此,人民调解转型之路应当坚守民间性属性,在民间性属性基础上寻找妥善解决人民调解现实困境的方案。政社合作不失为人民调解转型的理性选择,它既能延续民间性属性,又能弥补人民调解委员会在经费保障和法律素养方面的短板,政社合作下的人民调解需要处理好合作领域与合作方式问题,以政府购买服务方式保障组织经费,以合作治理方式提升调解员法律素养。人民调解政社合作转型之路需要制度引领,但既有法律在推动人民调解政社合作转型中,存在未以纲领性规定明晰政府和人民调解委员会的关系,所需经费应当给予必要的支持和保障规定较为模糊,缺乏对人民调解委员会调解民间纠纷实效展开评估及由人民调解委员会聘任人民调解员欠缺现实可行性等不足,未来需要在《人民调解法》中以纲领性规定明确政府和人民调解委员会的关系,以年度预算形式明晰政府在经费上的支持,赋予政府评估人民调解委员会绩效的权力,实现聘任人民调解员与法律下乡间的融合。

China’s law recognizes the property of the people’s mediation as a folk,respects the historical tradition,adapts to the local customs,and fits the concept of good governance.Therefore,the transformation path of the people’s mediation should adhere to the folk attributes of the people’s mediation,and on the basis of the folk attributes,find a solution to properly solve the practical difficulties of the people’s mediation.Political and social cooperation is a rational choice for the people’s mediation and transformation.It not only continues the people’s mediation of civil properties,but also makes up for the shortcomings of the People’s Mediation Committee in terms of financial security and legal literacy.The people’s mediation under the cooperation of the government and the society needs to deal with the problems of cooperation areas and cooperation methods,protect the organization’s funds by the governmental purchasing services,and improve the legal literacy of mediators by means of cooperative governance.The road of political and social cooperation of the people’s mediation needs institutional guidance.However,there are some problems in the transformation of political and social cooperation between the existing laws and the promotion of people’s mediation.There is no programmatic clarification of the relationship between the government and the people’s mediation committee,The necessary support and safeguards provisions should be given without clear requirements.The requirements should be given the necessary support and the safeguards are not clear.There is a lack of realistic evaluation of the effectiveness of the People’s Mediation Committee in mediating civil disputes and the lack of practical feasibility of hiring people’s mediators by the People’s Mediation Committee.In the future,it is necessary to adjust the People’s Mediation Law,clarify the relationship between the government and the people’s mediation committees in a programmatic manner,clarify the government’s financial support in the form of an annual budget,empower the government to evaluate the performance of the People’s Mediation Committee and achieve the integration of the people’s mediators and the countryside under the law.