经济增长、财政收入与土地资源配置——基于工业用地出让的经验分析

Economic Growth,Financial Revenue and Land Resource Allocation—Empirical Analysis Based on Industrial Land Leasing

本文以工业用地为例,讨论地方政府在资源配置时所面临的权衡。资源的有效配置会带来更高的经济增长,但是可能增加地方财政压力,减少政企互动下的寻租收益。通过匹配2008—2013年工业用地的微观交易数据和工业企业数据,本文构造每笔工业用地的配置效率指标,实证研究工业用地配置效率,结果发现:(1)平均而言,经济增长压力大的城市更倾向于将土地配置给利用效率高的企业;(2)高效企业拿地时往往享受到地价优惠,这降低了地方政府出让土地的财政收入;(3)地方市委书记由本地晋升时资源配置效率降低,说明资源能否有效配置受到政商关系的影响。实证结果表明,经济增长、财政收入和政商关系间的权衡影响地方政府配置资源的效率。

This paper takes industrial land as an example to discuss the relationship between economic growth pressure and resource allocation.The pursuit of economic growth brings positive incentives to allocation efficiency,but local governments will also be affected by local finance and collusion,which will hinder allocation efficiency.By matching the micro-transaction data of industrial land from 2008 to 2013 and the industrial enterprises data,this paper constructs the allocation efficiency index of each industrial land.The results show that:(1)on average,cities with high economic growth pressure tend to allocate land with high efficiency;(2)efficient enterprises often enjoy preferential land prices,which reduces the fiscal revenue;(3)the efficiency of resource allocation decreases when the secretary of the local municipal party committee is promoted locally,and the effective allocation hinders the collusion between government and enterprises.Therefore,the construction of a new type of government-business relationship and the regulation of local financial and budgetary systems will improve land allocation efficiency.