基于ICF-CY儿童青少年身体活动指南的内容分析与比较

Content Analysis and Comparison of Physical Activity Guidelines for Children Based on ICF-CY

目的比较国内外儿童青少年身体活动指南的政策背景和理论依据、活动方式和活动量、收益以及影响因素,为相关指南的制定和实施提供理论依据和方法指导。方法运用《国际功能、残疾和健康分类(儿童和青少年版)》(ICF-CY)的分类架构对世界卫生组织、中国、美国、澳大利亚、加拿大(2套)等颁布的6套儿童青少年身体活动指南进行内容解析和编码。对指南的政策背景、理论依据、循证方法、推荐活动方式、活动量、收益以及影响因素进行内容分析。结果6套指南均依据相关国家的健康政策和身体活动与健康的理论;推荐的主要活动方式包括体适能、技能和运动项目三大类,推荐的活动量为每天至少60 min中等强度或高强度活动,每周至少3次高强度或增强骨骼肌肉功能的活动。身体活动有助于发展和改善身体功能,提升活动和参与水平,同时有助于形成良好的生活习惯,建立健康的生活方式,并改善相关环境因素。结论ICF-CY的理论架构、术语和编码是儿童青少年身体活动指南内容分析的有效工具。国内外儿童青少年身体活动指南均有其健康发展的政策背景和健康相关的理论依据。儿童青少年的身体活动有体适能、技能和运动项目三大类,且各指南推荐了中、高强度的活动量。身体活动有助于形成良好的运动习惯,形成积极的生活方式。为了促进儿童青少年的身体活动,需要建立适宜的环境,包括:产品和技术;自然环境和对环境的人为改变;支持和相互联系;态度;服务、体制和政策。

Objective To analyze and compare the policies and theoretical fundamental,the categories and amount of activities,benefits and influential factors of international and national physical activity guidelines for children,to provide theoretical and method guidance for the development and implementation of relevant guidelines.Methods Six guidelines of physical activity for children issued by the World Health Organization(WHO),China,United States,Australia and Canada(2 sets)were included,analyzed and coded using International Classification of Functioning,Disability and Health-Children and Youth Version(ICF-CY).The policy background,theories,evidence-based methods,recommended activities,activity volume,benefits and influential factors of the guidelines were discussed.Results There were relevant backgrounds of health policies and theoretical fundamentals for the development of these guidelines.The recommended categories of physical activities involved the activities of fitness,skills and sports.The amount of activity all the guidelines recommended was at least 60 minutes of moderate to high intensity activity per day,and vigorous-intensity or musculoskeletal enhancement activities at least three times a week.Physical activities had benefit for children in the fields of development and maxima of functioning,promotion of activities and participation,formation of good habits of life,establishment of healthy lifestyles,and improvement of the relevant environmental factors.Conclusion It is useful to analyze and compare the contents of guidelines of physical activities for children using framework,terminology and coding systems of ICF-CY.Both international and national guidelines of physical activity for children are developed in relevant health policies backgrounds and health-related theories.There are three types of physical activity for children aligning to ICF-CY:fitness,skills and sports.All guidelines recommended moderate to high level intensity of activity.Children can gain from physical activities for the development of exercise habits and active lifestyles.Accessible environments are recommended,including Products and Technology,Natural Environment and Human-Made Changes to Environment,Support and Relationships,Attitudes,and Services,Systems and Policies.