康有为海防思想及其实现路径

Kang Youwei’s Coastal Defense Thought and His Way of Implementation

康有为海防思想形成于中华民族陷入空前严重危机之际,是其变法思想体系有机组成部分。内容包括:指导方针上重塑“夷夏之辩”内涵以实现全面“师夷”;战略上采取保护外籓和岛屿以夯实外圈防守屏障;战术上采取主动进攻以获取海权的具体内容。实现路径:通过筹措资金、练兵和购置先进舰船、发展科技、培养人才、凝聚民心以解决“财弱”、“兵弱”、“艺弱”、“智弱”及“心弱”问题。局限性:有些设想脱离中国当时客观实际而带有空想性;忽视了中国作为陆海复合型国家其海防战略应当具有的特殊性;“中体西用”框架内吸取西学难以避免消极影响性。但其海防思想彰显的国际化视野、世界竞争意识、时代变革意识及战略性眼光,对我国现代边海防安全维护和建设依然有着借鉴意义。

Kang Youwei’s thought of coastal defense was formed when the Chinese nation was in an unprecedented serious crisis.It was an organic part of his ideological system of reform.The guiding principle is to reshape the connotation of“the debate between foreign countries and China”in order to achieve a comprehensive learning from western advanced foreign countries.Strategically,it was to protect the outer pools and islands to strengthen the outer defensive barriers.Tactically,it was the concrete content of initiative attack to acquire sea power.The way to achieve this goal is to raise funds,train soldiers,purchase advanced warships,develop science and technology,train talents and unite the people’s minds to solve the problems of“weak finance”,“weak army”,“weak art”,“weak intelligence”and“weak minds”.The limitations were that some of his fantastic ideas were divorced from the objective reality of China at that time.He neglected the particularity of Chinese coastal defense strategy as a land-sea complex country.It was difficult to avoid the negative impact of learning from the West within the framework of“making western advanced things serve China”.His coastal defense thought highlights the internationalization vision,world competition consciousness,era change consciousness and strategic vision,which still has reference significance for the maintenance and construction of modern coastal defense security in China.