通往“乡村之治”:挑战与出路——以“新冠”疫情防控中的江西为样本

Towards“the Governance of the Countryside”:Challenges and Solutions:Taking Jiangxi in Prevention and Control of COVID-19 as an Example

基于“北大-江农”乡村振兴追踪调查及新冠肺炎防控追踪调查数据,对江西省106个行政村的基层治理状况进行描述性统计分析。结果表明:乡村基层治理能力总体上得到显著提升,经受住了新冠疫情的全面考验;乡村基层自治、法治、德治水平有待提升,村干部治理能力存在明显短板,部分村干部“不接地气”现象值得警惕。研究进一步以国家与社会关系为切入点,得出自治与德治断裂的路径依赖、精英流失与农村社会的低组织化的结构变迁、资源约束条件下承担复兴使命的压力型政府是乡村治理挑战的深层根源。基于此,从引领乡村之治的主体理念革新、基于高层共识的高位推动和平衡“国家-社会”关系的制度建设方面提出“乡村之治”的三大实现路径。

“The governance of the countryside”suggests“the governance of China”.Based on the data collected in the“Beida-Jiangnong”rural revitalization follow-up survey and the COVID-19 prevention and control follow-up survey,the paper maked a descriptive statistical analysis of the grass-roots governance of 106 administrative villages in Jiangxi Province.The results show that the ability of rural grassroots governance has been significantly improved in general and has withstood the test of COVID-19.Meanwhile,the level of rural grassroots autonomy,the rule of law and the rule of virtue are to be upgraded,and there exist obvious shortcomings in the ability of village cadres to govern,with some of them being“not grounded in the reality.”The study,taking the relationship between the state and society as the starting point,concludes that the gap between autonomy and virtue,the loss of elites,the low organized structural change of rural society,and the resource-constrained pressure-type government undertaking the task of rejuvenation are the deep root of rural governance challenges.Based on this,the paper puts forward three ways to realize the rural governance-leading the concepts innovation of the rural governance,promoting and balancing the system construction of“statesociety”based on the high-level consensus,and balancing state and social relations.