基于生物安全探讨医学微生物学实验课程的改革

Reform of Experimental Course on Medical Microbiology Based on Biosafety

早在20世纪80年代中期,生物安全问题就已经引起全世界的广泛注意。生物安全问题来源广泛,尤其是医源性的病原微生物安全,格外引人注意。近年来,随着经济和科学技术的高速发展,生物安全问题越发被人们所重视。病原微生物的安全问题作为生物安全中的重要组成部分,更是成为全世界共同关注的问题。例如:2003年流行的非典型性肺炎;今年年初席卷全球的新型冠状病毒肺炎,都是病原微生物安全问题的具体体现。微生物学作为农学、医学、生命科学等专业的基础课程,广泛地在各大高校的相关专业开设。实验课是微生物学教学计划中必不可少的一部分,但随之而来的就是在微生物实验课过程中隐藏的生物安全问题。尤其是医学院校开设的病原微生物学课程,病原微生物学实验课会涉及很多医源性微生物实验项目,控制病原微生物意外事件是病原微生物学实验课的关键所在。因此,医学院校的病原微生物实验室的管理成为生物安全问题的焦点。如何在不影响实验教学质量的同时,尽可能地规避生物安全问题,成为微生物学实验课的重点课题。将基于生物安全问题角度出发,探讨医学院校开展病原生物学实验课程中需要注意的相关问题。

As early as the mid-1980 s,the issue of biosafety has attracted worldwide attention. Biosecurity issues come from a wide range of sources,particularly iatrogenic pathogenic microbial safety,and are particularly noteworthy. In recent years,with the rapid development of economy and science and technology,biosafety has been paid more and more attention.As an important part of biological safety,the safety of pathogenic microorganisms has become a common concern all over the world. For example: The prevalence of atypical pneumonia in 2003;New coronavirus pneumonia that swept the world early this year,These are the specific embodiment of the safety problem of pathogenic microorganisms. Microbiology,as a basic course in agronomy,medicine and life sciences,is widely offered in related majors in colleges and universities. Experimental classes are an essential part of the microbiology program,But what follows is the hidden issue of biosafety in the course of microbiology experiments. In particular,courses in pathogenic microbiology in medical colleges,Pathogenic microbiology will involve a lot of iatrogenic microbiological experiments,Controlling pathogenic microorganism accident is the key of pathogenic microbiology experiment course. Therefore,the management of pathogenic microorganism laboratory in medical colleges has become the focus of biosafety. How to avoid the problem of biosafety without affecting the quality of experimental teaching,become the key subject of microbiology experiment class. Based on the biological safety problem,this paper will discuss the related problems that need attention in the course of pathogenic biology experiment in medical colleges.