官督商办时期汉阳铁厂对洋匠的认知、聘用与管理——以德培、吕柏和堪纳第为例

Understanding,Hiring and Managing Foreign Artisans in Hanyeping Company During the Government-Supervised and Merchant-Managed Period——Take Toppe,Ruppert and Kennedy as Examples

汉阳铁厂官督商办后,为保证铁厂的正常生产和解决生产过程中出现的一些问题,盛宣怀仍沿袭官办时期的作法,引进和雇用了一批洋匠从事技术指导。洋匠在铁厂的采矿、冶炼、人才培养及技术移植等方面起到了无可替代的作用。这一时期,铁厂聘用的洋匠中比较重要者如德培、吕柏、堪纳第等,由于本身来源复杂,存在动机不纯、能力不足、品行不端、性格不良、自我优越感等问题。在职位重要的洋匠选聘过程中,受到外国驻华领事的干预,制约了洋匠在铁厂的技术移植等方面作用的发挥,无法达到铁厂的预期。对洋匠,加强合同管理是保证其作用发挥的一个重要方面,但根本解决之途还是在于培养本土人才,最终达到钢铁技术本土化。

When Hanyeping Company was supervised by the government and managed by merchants,Sheng Xuanhuai,the head of company,followed the practice of introducing and hiring foreign workmen to provide technical guidance,in order to ensure the normal production and to solve technical problems.The foreign artisans played an irreplaceable role in the mining,smelting,personnel training and technology transplant of the company.Among them,Toppe,Ruppert and Kennedy were most important ones.However,due to the problems such as international background,lack of motivation,insufficient ability,misbehavior,terrible character and sense of superiority,plus the intervention of consulates in China,these foreign experts did not play their expected role in works such as technology transplant.Contract management is an important guarantee for foreign artisans playing their roles,but more importantly,to train local talents is the fundamental solution to the localization of steel technology.