试论乡村旅游可持续发展的动力机制——基于利益相关者理论视角

On the Dynamic Mechanism of Sustainable Development of Rural Tourism——Based on the Perspective of Stakeholder Theory

乡村旅游是乡村地区实现振兴的重要途径之一。乡村旅游利益相关者之间的利益诉求权衡与协调机制决定了乡村旅游的可持续发展。文章从利益相关者视角,以系统理论为支撑,提炼出乡村旅游发展的直接利益相关者和间接利益相关者,并对各利益相关者在动力模型中的诉求和作用进行了分析,构建出了包括资源环境、社区村民、旅游企业、旅游者、政府部门及行业协会六方利益相关者在内的乡村旅游可持续发展动力模型,最后从利益表达、利益分配和利益保障三个层面提出乡村旅游可持续发展的路径选择。

Rural tourism is one of the important ways to revitalize rural areas.The balance and coordination mechanism between the interests of rural tourism stakeholders determines the sustainable development of rural tourism.From the perspective of stakeholders and the support of system theory,the article extracts the direct and indirect stakeholders of rural tourism development,analyzes the demands and roles of various stakeholders in the dynamic model,and constructs the sustainable development model of rural tourism including six stakeholders,namely resource and environment,community villagers,tourism enterprises,tourists,government departments and industry associations.The paper finally suggests the development path of rural tourism from three levels including interest expression,interest distribution and interest guarantee.