职业技术培训对国有林区生产经营林户增收效应的实证研究

An Empirical Study on the Effect of Vocational Technical Training on the Income Increase of Farmers in Production and Management of State-owned Forest Areas

基于重点国有林区87个林业局实地调查数据,运用Logit模型、倾向得分匹配法以及多元回归模型等系统地探究了职业技术培训对林区生产经营林户的增收效应。结果表明:受教育程度越高、生产经营当中投入更多的资本和时间成本的林户更愿意参与各类职业培训;参与培训对提高林户收入具有促进作用,但是贡献程度并不突出;培训组织者、培训方式分别与林户收入之间呈现显著的负相关和正相关关系。因此,提出提高林户对职业技术培训的认可度及参与度;加大林区开展各类职业技术培训的规模和力度;促进林区职业技术培训主体的多元化;增强职业技术培训的针对性和实效性等建议。

(1)Background--In 2014,after the pilot implementation of the comprehensive stoppage policy in the state-owned forest area,various vocational and technical training is actively organized to improve the comprehensive quality of forest farmers and solve the problem of reemployment of laid-off workers.(2)Methods--Based on 331 sample data from field surveys of 87 forestry bureaus in key state-owned forest areas,the Logit model,propensity score matching method and multiple regression model are used to explore the effect of vocational and technical training on the production and management.(3)Results--First,there is a significant correlation between the years of education,production and operation expenditures,production and operation days of forest households and their choice to participate in vocational and technical training.The number of years of education has a significantly positive impact on whether forest farmers choose to participate in training.Production and operation expenditures have a significantly positive impact on whether forest farmers choose to participate in vocational and technical training.The number of production and operation days has a significantly positive impact on whether forest farmers choose to participate in vocational and technical training.Second,the positive effect of training on improving the income of forest farmers has been fully verified.The decrease of the income contribution of training after matching means that the effect of training on increasing the income of forest households is obviously reduced after considering the selective bias and endogeneity of forest households'participation in Vocational and technical training.Although the training does have a beneficial effect on improving the income of forest farmers,the income difference between the training group and the untrained group is not prominent.Third,the location and participation in vocational and technical training have no significant impact on forest household income,while the organizers and methods of training have a significant impact.Besides,the training organizers are negatively correlated with the income of forest households.There is a significantly positive correlation between the training methods and the income of forest households.And the vocational and technical training carried out through the traditional classroom teaching has a greater impact on the income of forest households.(4)Conclusions and Discussions--First,the choice of forest households to participate in vocational and technical training is affected by the comprehensive factors such as years of education,production and operation expenditure,and days of production and operation.Second,participation in training does promote the income of forest households,but the contribution is not outstanding.Third,the training organizers and training methods have significantly negative correlation and positive correlation with the income of forest households respectively.Finally,if we neglect the selective bias and endogeneity of participating in training,we will overestimate the effect of training income.This paper proposed to improve the recognition and participation of forest farmers in vocational and technical training.Besides,the scale and intensity of various vocational and technical trainings in forest areas should be increased.In addition,it should also promote the diversification of vocational and technical training subjects in forest areas and enhance the pertinence and effectiveness of vocational and technical training to increase the income of forest farmers.