论电商平台经营者“相应的责任”的法律适用

Legal Application of“Corresponding Liability”of E-commerce Platform Operators

我国《电子商务法》第38条第2款有关电商平台经营者侵权责任的规定自立法之初便饱受争议,历经演变确立为“相应的责任”,体现出立法进程中多方主体的利益博弈与妥协。“相应的责任”在解释上存在较大的具体化空间,其法律适用成为司法实践关注的焦点。电商平台经营者“相应的责任”的法律适用应区分两种情形:一是属于特别法规定的情形,应优先适用特别法;二是不属于特别法规定的情形,应综合其尽职程度、损害后果的因果关系等因素进行侵权责任认定。其中,电商平台经营者违反形式审核义务的属直接侵权,应承担连带责任;违反实质审核义务的属间接侵权,应承担补充责任;违反安全保障义务的,应承担按份责任。

Article 38,paragraph 2 of E-commerce law concerning the provisions of tort liability of e-commerce platform operators has been subject to disputes since the beginning of the legislation and bas been established as“corresponding liability”after evolution,which reflects the interest game and compromise of various subjects in the legislative process.The interpretation of“corresponding liability”leaves a large room for concretization,and its legal application has become the focus of judicial practice.The legal application of“corresponding liability”of e-commerce platform operators should distinguish two situations.First,the special law shall be applied in priority to cases specified in the special law.Second,if the case does not belong to the special law,the tort liability should be determined based on the factors such as the degree of due diligence and the causal relationship with the consequence of damage.Among them,those who violate the obligation of formal examination belong to direct infringement and shall bear joint and several liability.Those who violate the obligation of substantive examination belong to indirect infringement and shall bear supplementary liability.However,those who violate the security obligation shall bear the shared liability,and the e-commerce platform operators shall bear the non-primary liability less than 50%of the total liability.