酒精性肾损伤的发病机制

Mechanisms of alcoholic kidney injury

长期饮酒是众所周知的组织损伤风险因素。大量饮酒和肾脏损伤之间的联系仍有很多争议,酒精可能损害肾脏的分子机制也知之甚少。到目前为止,试图将过量饮酒和肾脏疾病联系起来的流行病学研究还没有定论,而且几乎没有实验证据直接将饮酒与肾脏损伤联系起来。然而,在其他器官和组织中进行的研究表明,酒精可能通过多种机制导致肾脏障碍,如诱导活性氧产生导致氧化应激等,使自由基过量,进而损伤组织并增加炎症。此外,过量的酒精摄入对其他主要器官(肝脏、心脏、肠道和骨骼肌)的影响协同增加了对肾脏的病理损伤,但其具体作用机制仍需要进一步的研究证实。

Long⁃term alcohol consumption is a well⁃known risk factor for tissue damage.The link between high alcohol consumption and kidney damage is still controversial,and the molecular mechanisms by which alcohol may damage kidney are poorly understood.Up to now,the epidemiological studies that attempt to link excessive alcohol consumption with kidney disease have not been concluded,and there is almost no experimental evidence to directly link alcohol consumption with kidney injury.However,studies conducted mainly in other organs and tissues have shown that alcohol may cause renal dysfunction through several possible mechanisms,such as increase in production of reactive oxygen species leading to oxidative stress,which results in excessive free radicals and finally causes tissue damage and increased inflammation.In addition,the effects of excessive alcohol intake on other major organs(liver,heart,intestines and skeletal muscle)synergistically increase the pathological damage to kidney,but its specific mechanism of action still needs to be confirmed by further studies.