销售努力及双市场化期权下的三级供应链协调

Three-Level Supply Chain Coordination Under Double Market-Oriented Options with Sales Effort

本文针对需求随机且受到零售商销售努力影响的情况,研究了由制造商、分销商和零售商组成的三级供应链的协调问题。文章首先用双期权契约对三级供应链进行协调,即在制造商和分销商以及分销商和零售商之间都采用期权契约,发现在零售商独自承担努力成本的情况下仅通过双期权契约无法协调供应链。因此在双期权契约的基础上加入了努力成本共担契约,发现当期权价格满足某种线性关系以及零售商努力成本按特定比例分摊时,联合双期权契约和努力成本共担契约能顺利协调供应链。在此基础上,文章还引入了期权的市场化定价规则,研究了期权采用市场化定价规则对供应链协调产生的影响,研究表明,引入期权市场化定价规则增加了供应链协调需要满足的条件,降低了协调的可能性,且协调状态下的期权价格受到市场因素如利率、价格波动率等的影响。最后,文章给出了期权市场化定价规则下供应链协调的条件以及参数变化对协调的影响。

Aiming at the situation where the demand is random and is affected by retailers’sales efforts,this paper studies a coordination problem of a supply chain with a manufacturer,a distributer and a retailer.First,we try to coordinate the three level supply chain only with double option contracts,that is,option contract is used between the manufacturer and distributor as well as the distributor and retailer,but find it cannot realize coordination when the effort cost is undertaken only by the retailer.So,besides the option contract,the paper introduces effort cost partaking contract,then we find when the parameters of option contracts can meet some linear relationships and the effort cost is apportioned among supply chain members,the two contracts above can realize the coordination of the supply chain.In addition,we introduce the market-oriented pricing rules of options,and study the effect of market-oriented options on supply chain coordination.The paper shows that the introduction of market-oriented option pricing rules increases the conditions for supply chain coordination and reduces the possibility of supply chain coordination,and the option price is affected by the market factors,such as price fluctuation and interest rate.Lastly,the coordination conditions under Market-Oriented Options with sales effort effects are given and the effect of the change of parameters on supply chain coordination isalso analyzed.