犯罪之技术治理的价值权衡:以数据正义为视角

Value Balance of Technocracy of Crime:From the Perspective of Data Justice

在信息文明时代,大数据等新型通用技术深刻推动了犯罪治理的变革,犯罪的技术治理模式兴起。技术治理具有技术赋能与技术赋权的两面性,技术赋能与技术赋权“一显一隐”的非均衡发展致使算法歧视、隐私弱化、数字鸿沟等问题趋重,加剧了社会安全防卫与个人权利保护的价值冲突。在数据主义重塑社会结构的当下,对犯罪技术治理的正当性进行反思尤为迫切。对此,有必要引入数据正义的分析视角,迈向数据控制且超越数据控制,以有限扩张、关系均衡、法律控制、技术赋权等正当性要求锚定犯罪技术治理的价值导向。这要求我们以数据权利厘定数据监控的法律边界,以算法治理打开预测性执法的技术黑箱,对权力外溢至平台企业开展均衡治理,以数据开放打通公众参与的数据接口。

The technocracy of crimes is rising with the revolution promoted by big data in the age of information civilization.Technocracy has two faces of technological empowerment and technological right.The unbalance of the two faces aggravated problems such as algorithmic discrimination,privacy weakening and digital gap.It also intensified the value conflicts of social security defense and human rights protection.At the moment when the dataism reshapes the social structure,it is particularly urgent to reflect on the legitimacy of criminal technocracy.In this regard,it is necessary to introduce the perspective of data justice,move towards data control and beyond data control,and anchor the value orientation of criminal technocracy with legitimacy requirements such as limited expansion,balanced relationship,legal control and technological empowerment.This requires us to define the legal boundary of data monitoring with data rights,open the technical black box of predictive legal enforcement with algorithmic governance,carry out balanced governance of power overflowing into platform enterprises,and open the data interface of public participation with data openness.