迟到的职业化:近代第一次司法官考试探微

Late Professionalization:An Exploration of the First National Judge Selection Examination in Modern Times

1910年,清廷举行了中国近代第一次全国性法官考试。作为晚清司法官职业化尝试的一大标志性事件,法官考试从筹备到举行,每个环节都透露出了清廷试图职业化司法官群体的努力,通过形塑职业化的知识、组成职业司法官群体、职业化选拔制度等方式,新式的司法官群体终于初步成型。尽管考试结束后不久清廷便垮台了,但考试带来的影响仍在延续,由此开启了后世法官职业化的道路。此外,试题的设计、考试的定位以及进行过程中暴露出的考试资格的一再调整、央地之间的协调问题等,都对现今的法律职业资格考试具有借鉴作用。

In 1910,the Qing imperial court held the first national judge selection examination in modern China.As a landmark event in the attempt to professionalize judges in the late Qing Dynasty,the judge selection examination reveals the efforts of the Qing imperial court of professionalizing judiciary group in each of its link from preparation to actual implementation.Through shaping the professional knowledge,developing a professional team of judges and professionalizing the selection system,the new type of judges take a preliminary shape in the end.Though the Qing imperial court collapses shortly after the examination ends,the impact of the examination continues,opening the way for professionalizing judges in the future.Moreover,the design of the examination questions,the positioning of the examination as well as the problems exposed during the implementation process of the examination such as repeated adjustment of qualifications on examinees and central-local coordination,are of great significance to the current legal professional qualification examination.