“有证据的探讨”:胡适文学考据的方法、思路与意义

"Discussion with Evidence":Methods,Ideas and Significance of Hu Shi's Literary Textual Research

研究20世纪中国诗学考据学史,胡适乃是重要一环。终其一生,他一再强调的以“归纳法”为主干的“有证据的探讨”,一方面给了后来者不断质疑与探寻证据的激励,但也自始即存在证据主义的意识局限。当然,正是这种由注重证据而来的不妥协的怀疑精神,使得胡适的文学史研究不仅开辟了通俗文学研究的新领域并奠定其实证研究的基本范式,其注重运用证据归纳的方法来考证小说的“著者”与“本子”,以及以“历史进化的文学观念”来研究文学,对诗学考据无疑有着方法论意义上的延伸。

Hu Shi is a very important part of studying the history of textual research on Chinese poetry in the 20th century.Throughout his life,he repeatedly emphasizes the "discussion with evidence" with "inductive method" as the core.On the one hand,it encourages the later researchers to question and explore the evidence,but on the other hand,there is a limitation of evidentialism from the beginning.Of course,it is this skeptical spirit which comes from the emphasis on evidence that makes Hu Shi’s literary history research not only open up a new field of popular literature research,but also establish the basic paradigm of its empirical research.The emphasis on using the method of evidence induction to research the "author" and "text" of novels,and the method of studying literature with "the literary concept of historical evolution" undoubtedly extend the textual research on poetry in the sense of methodology.