政治经济学视角下互联网平台经济的金融化

The Financialization of the Online Platform Economy:A Perspective from Political Economics

经济的金融化表现之一即为金融资本从服务于产业资本的系统转化成一套为自身服务的独立系统。由于自身的特殊性,互联网平台经济的金融化不仅在于其脱离了生产过程,且金融资本以一种新的形式融入资本循环中,并伴随着资本积累不断参与互联网平台经济的重构。在实际的发展中,互联网平台企业受到了金融资本的过度追捧,直接表现为各行业互联网平台企业的融资规模越来越大、产业集中越来越迅速,但与其相矛盾的是互联网平台企业利润实现危机的深化。本文分析了互联网平台企业的相关数据,论证了互联网平台经济由于自身对资本的过度依赖和资本间的竞争,出现流量资本化;提出由于资本的逐利性,互联网平台成为了加速资本循环的手段和工具,互联网平台经济的金融化的实质是金融化了的资本积累制度的内在转变。

The financialization of the economy is manifested through a shift in the function of financial capital from serving industrial capital to an independent self-serving system.Due to its specificity,the financialization of online platform economy means that financial capital not only disconnects from the process of production,but also enters the capital circulation in a new form and participates in the restructuring of the online platform economy with continuous capital accumulation.In practice,financial capital excessively invests in online platform companies,with a phenomenon of the rapid growth in the scale of funds raised and the acceleration in the formation of industrial concentration.This contradicts with the deepened crisis of online platform companies in terms of their realized profits.This paper analyzes relevant data of online platform companies and demonstrates that the online platform economy,due to its over-reliance on capital and competition between various capital sources,results in the financialization of online platform traffic.The article also argues that due to the profit-seeking nature of capital,online platforms have become means and tools for accelerated capital circulation.The financialization of the online platform economy is,essentially,the internal transformation of the financialized capital accumulation system.