公平缓解灾民创伤下的应急物资动态调配研究

Dynamic emergency supply distribution considering fair mitigation of victim suffering

及时有效地调配物资对灾害应急救援至关重要.考虑两种典型的物资分配策略,构建一个多目标动态调配模型来实现灾后应急物资的有效分配和路径优化选择.其中,多目标不仅强调对救援效率的追求,也重视对救援有效性和缓解灾民心理创伤公平程度的考量.提出相对剥夺成本来刻画救援公平性,且构造包含初救和补救两阶段的需求函数以反映灾害变化、救援调配与需求之间的相互影响.应用设计的遗传算法在2008年汶川地震案例背景下对所构模型进行仿真求解,并通过实施对比分析和关键参数敏感性分析得出一些管理启示.

Timely and effective distribution of relief supplies plays an important role in disaster relief operations.By considering two typical allocation strategies,this paper builds a multi-objective dynamic relief distribution model in order to address the reasonable allocation of supplies and optimal path selection decisions.The multiple objectives not only emphasize the relief efficiency,but also include the pursuit of effective and fair mitigation of victim suffering respectively reflected as minimum absolute and relative deprivation costs.We innovatively propose the dynamic demand functions in both the initial and subsequent relief stages and highlight the interaction effects among disaster,relief distribution and demand.Taking the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake as a case,we design a genetic algorithm for the model solution,and perform an experimental comparison and sensitivity analysis followed by some managerial insights for policy-makers.