日本对胶济铁路利权的觊觎和攫夺——以中日关于运价和货捐交涉为中心(1914—1928)

Japan’s Coveting and Grabbing at the Jiaoji Railway Rights:Centering on Sino-Japanese Negotiations on Railway Freight Rates and Cargo Donation,1914—1928

1914年日军占领青岛及胶济铁路后,日本政府对在胶济铁路运输的本国商品征收低于他国商品的运价,排挤他国商贸,把山东变为其势力范围。日本政府迫使北洋政府与之签订了一系列条约,将其对胶济铁路利权的攫夺"合法化"。在北洋政府的坚持下,中日条约订明青岛为中国自开口岸,这为日后中国自主制定运价提供了一定的法律依据。1922年中日签订《解决山东悬案条约》后,中国收回胶济铁路管理权,自主制定运价,对铁路运输商品实行统一运价并按照运价征收货捐。日本反对征收货捐,不断提出交涉。但直到1928年北洋政府统治结束,日本的目的也未能实现。中日关于胶济铁路运价和货捐的交涉,其实质是中国反对日本侵夺中国铁路利权的斗争。

After the Japanese army occupied Qingdao and the Jiaoji Railway in 1914,the Japanese government charged lower freight rates for Japanese goods than those of other countries transported by the Jiaoji Railway.It squeezed out other countries’trade activities,making Shandong its sphere of influence,and forced the Beiyang government to sign a series of treaties so that it could legalize its rights to the Jiaoji Railway.Under the insistence of the Beiyang government,the China-Japan Treaty stipulated Qingdao as China’s"Self-established Trading Port",which provided a certain legal basis for maintaining the autonomy of setting the railway’s freight rate in the future.China and Japan signed the Treaty for the Settlement of Outstanding Questions Relative to Shantung in 1922.China took back the management right of the Jiaoji Railway,independently set the freight rates,implemented uniform freight rates and levied cargo donation in accordance with freight rates.Japan objected to levying cargo donation and kept making representations.But till the end of the Beiyang government’s rule,Japan could not achieve its purpose.The SinoJapanese negotiations on the freight rates and cargo donation of the Jiaoji Railway are in essence China’s struggle against Japan’s infringement and seizure of China’s railway rights.