大学科研育人的价值意蕴与作用机理

The Educational Values and Mechanism of Scientific Researches of Universities

大学科研具有丰富的精神意蕴和道德价值。大学科研活动中教师对学生的指导和训练是一种典型的"师徒模式",教师的指导和示范以及学生的模仿和创新是科学精神和科学道德培育与传递的主要方式。学生的模仿是一个包括观察、学习、领会、体验和判断以及知识经验重构的综合过程。教师的科学品位和科研风格经由师承链而传承,并启迪科学创新发展;科学道德作为制度性规范则表现出从他律到自律的发展路径。

Scientific researches is rich of educational values in spirit and morality.The mode of guidance and training of mentors to students in university research activities is a typical"master-apprentice mode".Students imitated and innovated through the guidance and demonstration of mentors in research activities,which were the main ways of cultivating and transmitting scientific spirit and scientific morality.The imitation of students is a comprehensive process including observation,learning,comprehension and judgment,as well as the reconstruction of knowledge and experience.The feeling of the problems,the way and method of solving the problem were transmitted to students through the chain of master-and-apprentice.The scientific morality as institutional norms were cultivated from heteronomy to self-discipline.