国外应对气候变化的立法进展与启示

Progress and enlightenment of foreign climate change legislations

国外应对气候变化立法进程与国际社会对气候变化问题的关注度呈正相关性。目前,欧盟、英国、德国、法国、芬兰、丹麦、瑞士、韩国、日本、菲律宾、新西兰、墨西哥和南非均正式颁布或完成起草了应对气候变化或低碳发展相关法律。文中通过系统研究发现,国外已开展应对气候变化立法的国家和地区均通过立法明确了其应对气候变化管理机构的法律地位和职责,将温室气体减排目标和配套制度纳入法律,确定了应对气候变化的宗旨和原则,成为其高水平履行国际气候条约的重要保障。中国启动国家应对气候变化立法工作已有10年,可借鉴国外立法在减排目标、管理体制、减排措施、应对气候变化的法律原则等方面的立法经验,尽快推进国内立法进程。

The foreign climate change legislation process presents positive correlation to the attention to climate change issues in foreign communities.In the past ten years,legislations related to climate change or low-carbon development have been enacted or drafted in the European Union,the German Confederation and its four states,France,Denmark,Finland,the Swiss Confederation,the United Kingdom,South Korea,Japan,Philippines,New Zealand,Mexico and South Africa.Through systematic research,it is found that foreign countries and regions,which have developed climate change legislations,have clarified the legal status and responsibilities of their climate change management agencies,included greenhouse gas emission reduction targets and supporting systems into legal framework and determined their purpose and principles in tackling climate change,which guarantee the high-level implementation of foreign climate treaties.It has been 10 years since China initiated its national legislative work on climate change.It is suggested to draw on foreign legislation experience of emission reduction targets,management systems,emission reduction measures and legal principles in tackling climate change,thus to carry forward the domestic legislative process.