大数据时代下中国海上交通立法的理论嬗变与制度表达

Theoretical Evolution and Institutional Expression of China's Maritime Transport Legislation in the Era of Big Data

随着卡口、电子警察、互联网数据传输、摄像头、感应器等设备数量的增加,大数据技术正逐渐成熟地运用于中国海上交通运输活动之中,这必然影响中国海上交通相关立法的出台和修订。由于“海陆统筹”立法论与“功能”立法论有着较强的包容性和可嬗变性,大数据与中国海上交通立法理论之间有着良好的切合性基础,其主要体现在横向维度上的多式联运立法和纵向维度上的行政执法服务体系两个方面。同时,面对大数据与中国海洋立法发展之间存在的鸿沟与间隙,应该以完善中国海上交通立法为研究的根本要义,通过运用法政策学理论的研究方法,对运用于海上交通立法中的、与大数据技术有关的规范进行相对纲领化,并注重政策在其中的导向性作用,为中国海上交通立法的数据化建议奠定坚实的基础。

With the increase in the number of bayonets,electronic police,Internet data transmission,cameras,sensors and other equipment,big data technology is gradually being used in China's maritime transport activities,which will inevitably affect the enactment and amendment of relevant legislation on China's maritime transport.Due to the strong inclusiveness and transmutation of the legislative theory of“land and sea co-ordination”and the legislative theory of“function”,big data and China's maritime traffic legislation theory both have a good basis of compatibility,which is mainly embodied in the legislation of multi-modal transport in the horizontal dimension and the administrative supervision service system in the vertical dimension.At the same time,in the face of the gaps between big data and the development of China's maritime legislation,it is necessary to improve China's maritime transport legislation as the fundamental research method.Through using the method of policy theory research,the regulations related to big data technology should be relatively programmatic,and the guiding role of policies should be emphasized,laying a solid foundation for the digitalization of China's maritime traffic legislation.