查慎行的诗风嬗变

The Evolution of Zha Shenxing's Poetic Style

王士禛所作《敬业堂诗集序》,后被《四库全书总目》所引用,成为对查慎行整体风格评价之著名论断,然而王序仅是针对查慎行早年诗风,并不能涵盖查慎行《敬业堂诗集》的整体风格。查慎行早年诗歌颇具悲壮沉雄之气,喜用夸张的比喻和奇崛的语言来喻示沉雄阔大的诗境,转而伴随人生挫折与阅历渐深,他改换名字,心态愈加谨小慎微,诗风也发生了重要变化。他对现实的关怀慢慢减淡,在选词造句上追求浅易平畅,不造奇语,不刺人耳目。情感表达方面,亦克制和平和,逐步从“沉雄踔历”到“叙述温雅”。查慎行从“沉雄”而入“稳惬”的这一变化,有时代对个人诗歌创作的影响,亦体现了查慎行晚年对杜甫晚年诗风的复归。

Preface to The Poetry Anthology of Jingye Hall by Wang Shizhen,which was later quoted by The General Catalogue of Si Ku Quan Shu,became a famous judgment on the overall style of Zha Shenxing.However,this preface was only aimed at the early poetic style of Zha Shenxing,and cannot cover all the styles of Zha Shenxing's The Poetry Anthology of Jingye Hall.The style of Zha Shenxing's early poems is solemn and strong.And he liked to use exaggerated metaphor and strange language to create a deep and broad poetic realm.Later,he suffered setbacks,underwent more life experiences,changed his name,was more timid and overcautious,and gradually great changes took place in the style of his poetry.His attention to reality has faded.In poetry creation,he pursued simple and fluent language instead of strange one,and did not stimulate readers'feelings.Emotional expression can also be restrained and peaceful.The style of his poetry also turned steady and comfortable.This change is due to the influence of the times on individual poetry creation;it also embodies his inheritance of the poetic style of Du Fu's later years.