《民法典》中的“国家”

“State” in Civil Code

《民法典》中的国家形象包括五个面向。国家作为保护者,践履对民事权利主体的消极义务、保护义务和给付义务;国家作为合作者,容让社会,承认民事习惯作为民法的补充性法源,不再通过国家政策影响民事裁判,适用比例原则权衡私法价值和公法管制目标,在公益、公共事业领域与社会合作;国家作为权利人,享有民法上的国家所有权,并通过国有企业从事经营行为,但受公法规制,以避免其遁入私法;国家作为教化者,培育自治自律的公民,并致力于家庭的"再家庭化";国家作为再分配者,在民法内部通过权利义务关系的配置和调整进行资源再分配。

The national image in the "Civil Code" includes five levels. As a protector, the state fulfills negative obligations, protection obligations, and payment obligations;as a cooperator, the state yields to the society in recognizing civil customs as a supplementary source of civil law, and exerting no more influence on civil trials through national policies, and weighs the value of private law and the regulatory objectives of public law through the principle of proportionality in order to conduct cooperation with the society in the field of public welfare and public undertakings;as a right holder, the state enjoys state ownership in civil law and conducts business activities through state-owned enterprises, but it is subject to public laws and regulations to prevent them from escaping into private law;as an indoctrinator, the state cultivates self-disciplined citizens, and is committed to "re-familyization" of the family;as a redistributor, the state redistributes resources through the allocation and adjustment of rights and obligations within the civil law.