广西审定花生品种系谱及农艺性状演变

Evolution of agronomic traits and pedigree for authorized peanut cultivars by Guangxi

为加快花生新品种选育效率,分析了广西1986-2016年审定的51个花生品种系谱及农艺性状的演变。结果表明,广西审定花生品种共涉及75个直接亲本,其中,主要以广东的育成品种及广西的中间材料为主。杂交育种是广西花生品种改良的主要手段,并以“育成品种×中间材料”和“育成品种×育成品种”两种组配模式为主。粤油551、汕油523、粤油223等是广西审定花生品种的骨干亲本。近年以来,广西审定花生品种荚果产量增产显著,但品质性状没有明显提高,株高、侧枝长、百果重、百仁重对增产贡献较大。因此,加强国内外花生优异种质的引进和利用,重视品质和抗性改良,是广西花生育种需要完善的地方;在常规杂交育种的基础上,利用分子标记辅助育种等现代生物技术手段,以实现花生育种更好更快的发展。

In order to improve the efficiency of peanut new variety selection,evolution of agronomic traits and pedigree of 51 peanut varieties approved in Guangxi from 1986 to 2016 were analyzed.The results indicated that 75 direct parents involved in these 51 peanut cultivars mainly were improved variety from Guangdong Province and intermediate materials from Guangxi.The“breeding variety×intermediate material”and“breeding variety×breeding variety”were common cross breeding modes.Yueyou 551,Shanyou 523,Yueyou 223 and so on were backbone parents of 51 peanut varieties approved by Guangxi.In recent years,pod production of peanut varieties increased significantly,however,quality traits had no significant improvement.Plant height,branch length,100-pod weight and 100-seed weight had played significant roles on yield.Therefore,more better germplasm should be introduced and utilized to improve the resistance and quality of Guangxi peanut.On the basis of conventional crossbreeding,modern biotechnology methods such as molecular marker assisted breeding should be carried out to realize faster and better development of peanut breeding.