增效磷肥对花生生长、产量和磷利用率的影响

Effect of different synergistic phosphate fertilizer on growth,yield and phosphorus use efficiency of peanut

采用大田试验,在正阳县酸性砂姜黑土和清丰县石灰性砂质潮土区,研究了磷肥与不同增效剂(腐殖酸、复合氨基酸和草酸)配施对花生生长、产量及磷肥利用率的影响。结果表明,85%常规施磷与腐殖酸、氨基酸和草酸配施对花生产量的作用效果受土壤类型影响,砂姜黑土区,分别比85%常规施磷增产8.82%、4.66%和-1.68%,砂质潮土区分别比85%常规施磷增产8.40%、3.18%和12.08%,砂姜黑土区和砂质潮土区分别以85%常规施磷+腐植酸和85%常规施磷+草酸处理对花生生长和增产的促进效果最好。施磷增效剂也提高了花生磷积累量和磷肥利用率,其原因在于磷增效剂促进了土壤难溶性磷组分转化为活性较高磷组分,与85%常规施磷相比,砂姜黑土区85%常规施磷+腐植酸和砂质潮土区85%常规施磷+草酸处理的花生磷积累总量分别显著增加26.31%和22.89%,磷肥表观利用率分别提高7.74%和4.99%,磷肥农学效率分别提高5.54 g/kg和5.39 g/kg。因此,酸性砂姜黑土区磷肥减量15%配施腐殖酸,石灰性砂质潮土区磷肥减量15%配施草酸,可提高磷肥利用率,确保花生不减产,实现磷肥减量增效目标。

The field experiments were conducted to study the effects of phosphate fertilizer combined with different synergist(HA-humic acid,AA-complex amino acid and OA-oxalic acid)on the growth,yield and P use efficiency of peanut in the acid shajiang dark soil in Zhengyang county and calcareous sandy alluvial soil in Qingfeng county.The results showed that the peanut yield response to the 85%conventional application rate of phosphorus(85%P)with HA,AA and OA were affected by the soil type.Compared with 85%P,the yield increased by 8.82%,4.66%and-1.68%in the acid shajiang dark soil,and increased by 8.40%,3.18%and 12.08%in the sandy alluvial soil.The peanut growth and yield were significantly increased under 85%P+HA in the acid shajiang dark soil and 85%P+OA in the sandy alluvial soil.P synergist also improved P uptake and P use efficiency of peanut due to increasing the labile-P and the moderately labile-P content.Compared with 85%P,peanut P accumulation were significantly increased by 26.31%and 22.89%respectively,P apparent recovery efficiencies were increased by 7.74%and 4.99%respectively,P agronomy efficiencies were increased by 5.54 g/kg and 5.39 g/kg under 85%P+HA in the acid shajiang dark soil and 85%P+OA in the sandy alluvial soil.Therefore,when the P2O5 application rate was reduced by 15%,addition of humic acid in the acid shajiang dark soil,and oxalate in the calcarous sandy alluvial soil,could improve the P efficiency,maintain the peanut yield with reduced application rate of P2O5.