江西省花生产业发展现状及展望

Present situation and prospect of peanut industry in Jiangxi Province

为摸清江西花生产业发展规律,探索新的发展方向和途径,本研究调研比较了江西省和周围邻近省份及山东、河南等花生高产省份在花生总产、种植面积和单产方面的变化规律,及各省历年花生审定品种情况和品种产量增长规律。结果表明江西花生产业发展相对滞后,主要原因为:1.江西土壤类型为红壤,有机质及营养元素含量较低,不利于花生生长;2.品种更新速度慢、品种老化严重且花生品质改良没有得到重视,优质新品种相对较少;3.良种缺乏与之配套的高产栽培技术。江西省花生芝麻产业技术体系的成立大力推动了江西花生产业的发展,2019区域实验结果表明江西花生品种具有较大的高产潜力。平均荚果产量和籽仁产量最高的均为粤油271,荚果产量达到6305.95 kg/hm^2,籽仁产量为4632.57 kg/hm^2,在试验品种中居第一位;粤油1712荚果产量为6022.25 kg/hm^2,籽仁产量为3824 kg/hm^2,综合表现好,在试验品种中居第二位;湘花522荚果产量5451.6 kg/hm^2,籽仁产量4003.8 kg/hm^2,在试验品种中居第三位。这表明随着科技投入的进一步加大,产量潜力优良品种的培育及释放将推动江西花生产业进入跨越式的发展阶段。

To understand the development law and explore the new development direction of peanut industry in Jiangxi,this study investigated the change pattern of total peanut yield,yield of planting area,varieties and the yield increasing in Jiangxi province and its surrounding provinces with high-yielding performance,such as Shandong and Henan.The results showed that the reasons for the slow progress of peanut industry in Jiangxi were:1.Peanuts were planted in red soil dryland.There were less organic matter and low nutrients in red soil,which could not satisfy the best growth of peanut.2.The regeneration rate of peanut varieties in Jiangxi was slow and the varieties degraded seriously.Due to lack of attention to peanut quality improvement,very few high quality new varieties were released.3.High yield cultivation techniques were not updated for excellent varieties in Jiangxi Province.The establishment of the technical system of peanut-sesame industry in Jiangxi Province has greatly promoted the development of peanut industry in Jiangxi Province.The results of 2019 regional experiment of peanut in Jiangxi showed the high yield potential of peanut and the promising future of peanut development in Jiangxi Province.The average pod yield and seed yield were the highest in Yueyou 271(the best variety of the experiment),were 6305.95 kg/hm^2 and 4632.57 kg respectively.Yueyou 1712 ranked second with pod yield of 6022.25 kg/hm^2,seed kernel yield of 3824 kg/hm^2;Xianghua 522 ranked the third whose pod yield was 5451.6 kg/hm^2,seed yield was 4003.8 kg/hm^2.These results indicated that with the further increase of investment in science and technology,the cultivation and release of varieties with good yield potential could promote and boost the peanut industry in Jiangxi.