山东省减盐干预对18~69岁自报高血压患者调味品中食盐摄入量的影响

The influencing of reducing salt intervention on condiment salt intake in self-reported adult hypertension patients (18-69 years old) of Shandong Province

目的评价山东省减盐干预对18~69岁自报高血压患者调味品中食盐摄入量的影响,为制定高血压防控相关政策、措施提供科学依据。方法数据来自山东省减盐防控高血压项目2011年基线调查和2016年终期评估调查,两次调查均采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法,分别选取228和258例自报高血压患者为调查对象。调味品记录采用家庭连续3 d 24 h调查方法进行,根据能量比法和调味品中钠的含量计算个体食盐的摄入量。用SAS 9.4软件进行统计分析,所有数据经过复杂抽样的加权方法进行了处理,食盐摄入量组间比较采用基于复杂抽样的回归分析,构成比较采用Rao-Scottχ^2检验。结果自报高血压患者食盐摄入量从2011年的12.74 g/d降至2016年的10.57 g/d,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2016年女性、40~69岁、鲁西北、农村、学历为文盲半文盲和小学、血压控制未达标的自报高血压患者食盐摄入量较2011年降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。2016年18~29岁、40~69岁、鲁东地区、城市地区、文盲半文盲、血压达标和未达标的自报高血压患者食盐摄入量≥6 g/d比例均高于2011年,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论2016年山东省居民自报高血压患者食盐摄入量较2011年降幅明显,但仍处于较高水平,应进一步加强自报高血压患者的膳食干预,尤其应倡导青年和低学历自报高血压患者进行低盐饮食。

Objective To evaluate the influencing of reducing salt intervention on condiment salt intake in self-reported adult hypertension patients(18-69 years old)of Shandong Province,and to provide the scientific basis for making the prevention and control measures and policy of hypertension.Methods Data were from the baseline investigation in 2011 and terminal evaluation in 2016 of Shandong-Ministry of Health Action on Salt and Hypertension(SMASH)program.Multistage stratified sampling was used to select 228 and 258 self-reported adult hypertension patients from investigations in 2011 and 2016 as the subjects.The family condiment records were investigated for 3 days(24 h).The SAS 9.4 software was used.The regression analysis of complex sampling was used to compare the differences of salt intake between groups,the Rao-scottχ^2 test was used to analyze the composition comparison.Results In self-reported adult hypertension patients,the salt intake(12.74 g/d)in 2011 decreased to10.57 g/d in 2016,P<0.05;in 2016,the salt intake in self-reported adult hypertension patients with female,40-69 years old,northwest of Shandong,rural area,education level≤primary school,blood pressure control not up to standard was significantly lower than that in 2011,P<0.05 or P<0.01;in 2016,the proportion of the salt intake≥6 g/d in self-reported adult hypertension patients with 18-29 years old,40-69 years old,east Shandong,urban area,education level<primary school,blood pressure control up to or not up to standard was significantly higher than that in 2011,P<0.05 or P<0.01.Conclusion The average intake of salt in self-reported hypertension patients in 2016 significantly decreased as compared with 2011,but the salt intake level was still high in Shandong Province.The dietary intervention(low salt)should be strengthened in self-reported hypertension patients,specially,in young patients and patients with low education level,