高山景区大高差供水管线水锤防护优化研究

Water Hammer Protection of Water Supply Pipeline and Its Optimization in High Mountain Scenic Area with Large Height Difference

针对高山景区供水管线高差大、末端起伏大,失电停泵容易发生断流弥合性水锤的特点,研究了可行的水锤防护措施。首先在水泵出口处安装液控蝶阀,通过正交试验优化两阶段关阀时间和关阀度;同时在管线的高位处设置复合式空气阀,模拟水力瞬态过程,当入流和出流孔径分别为15 mm和5 mm时,水锤正压力降低了158.98m H2O(1m水柱产生的压力约为9.8kPa),管线最高点的最大负压为-57.0kPa,空气体积降到了最小;合理布设复合空气阀的位置,仅保留3个空气阀的水锤防护效果最佳。经过严格的过程优化,使壁厚为4.5 mm的20#无缝钢管可以承受262 m高差的供水管线发生的水锤压力。

Water supply pipeline in high mountain scenic area has the characteristics of large height difference,great fluctuation at the ends and easy occurrence of cavities collapsing water hammer due to power loss and shutdown of pumps.To solve these problems,feasible protective measures of water hammer were explored.Hydraulic control butterfly valve was firstly installed at the outlet of the pump,and the closing time and the closing degree in two stages were optimized by orthogonal experiment.At the same time,a compound air valve was set at high position of the pipeline to simulate the instantaneous hydraulic process.When the inflow and outflow apertures were 15 mm and 5 mm respectively,the positive pressure of the water hammer was reduced by 158.98 m H2O,the maximum negative pressure of the highest point of the pipeline was -57.0 kPa,and the air volume was minimized.The best protective effect was obtained by reasonably arranging the position of the compound air valve and only setting three air valves.After the optimization,20# seamless steel pipe with a wall thickness of 4.5 mm could bear the water hammer pressure generated by the water supply pipeline with a height difference of 262 m.