从技术进步到政策创新——美国波特兰雨水政策启示

Enlightenment of Stormwater Policy in Portland,the United States: From Technological Advancement to Policy Innovation

我国海绵城市建设工程技术取得了快速进步,而将海绵技术全面推广实施,则依赖于灵活有效的政策制度设计。系统梳理了美国波特兰的雨水源头管理政策,从行政法规制度、经济奖励制度及公众参与机制三个方面进行了分析总结。并针对我国雨水管理现阶段特点,提出了海绵城市在管理法规政策、资金保障途径以及公众参与等方面的建议,具体包括将城市雨水径流污染纳入规划管控环节、以流域为边界建立雨水排放许可证制度、建立多途径资金保障机制以及创新市场和市民参与机制。

Chinese sponge city construction has made rapid progress in engineering technology in recent years,and promotion of sponge technology in the national scope depends on flexible and effective policy system.Stormwater management policy in Portland,the United States was discussed and analyzed from three aspects: administrative regulations system,economic reward system and public participation mechanism.According to the current characteristics of stormwater management in China,suggestions in terms of management regulations,funding guarantee channels and public participation were put forward,including: integrating urban stormwater runoff pollution controlling into planning,establishing stormwater discharge permit system based on the basin,formulating multi-channel funding guarantee mechanism and innovating market and public participation mechanism.