蛋清源生物活性肽功能及其构效关系研究进展

Biological functions and structure-activity relationships of bioactive peptides derived from egg white proteins:a review

禽蛋为人类提供了丰富的营养物质,如蛋白质、脂质和维生素等。蛋清蛋白不仅具有许多功能性质,通过酶法制备获得的蛋清肽还具有丰富的生物活性。然而,通过水解得到的蛋清源生物活性肽往往具有多种生物活性,且产量较低、结构差异较大,难以获得普适的活性-结构关系结论。本文以鸭蛋蛋清蛋白和鸡蛋蛋清蛋白为对象,综述了蛋清肽的主要生物学功能如降血压、抗氧化、促进矿物质吸收、降血糖、调节肠道健康等,探讨了其结构-活性关系,并对蛋清源生物活性肽的后续深入研究进行了展望,以期为蛋清蛋白的高值化利用提供参考。

Eggs provide various of nutrients for human beings,such as proteins,lipids,and vitamins.Besides of the processing properties from egg white,bioactive peptides obtained by the enzymatic hydrolysis method have diversiform biological functions.In this paper,biological functions such as antihypertension,anti-oxidation,prevention of cardiovascular diseases,promoting mineral absorption,anti-diabetes,and regulating intestinal health were summarized,and the structure-activity relationships of egg white peptides from duck egg and chicken egg were also reviewed.It was found that egg white-derived angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE)inhibitory peptides could affect their ACE inhibitory activity when the C-terminal was proline,leucine,and the N-terminal was aromatic or alkaline amino acid.Hydrophobic amino acids in N-terminal,and aromatic amino acids in the primary structure of antioxidant peptides from egg white can greatly improve the antioxidant capacity of the peptides.Glutamic acid in the first C-terminal,and phosphorylation of serine in the sequence of egg white-derived calcium absorption peptides play an important in the calcium absorption.However,bioactive peptides obtained by hydrolysis were confirmed to have different bioactivities,low yield and significantly different structures,making it difficult to obtain universal structure-activity relationship conclusions.Thus,the purpose of this paper is to provide a basis for the high-valued utilization of egg white,and a certain application for the production of egg white bioactive peptides as nutritional supplements,functional nutritional health products and therapeutic drugs,as well as to put forward a new prospect for the research of bioactive peptides.